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What do you mean through integrity constraints?
Integrity Constraints -An integrity constraint is a condition specified on a database schema and restricts the data in which can be stored within an instance of the database. If a database instance satisfies all the integrity constraints described on the database schema, it is a legal instance. A DBMS enforces integrity constraints, in which it allows only legal instances to be stored in the database.
why shadow copy technique is used?
Evaluate, compare and contrast the two methods of relational database design namely top down method and Bottom up method. What will be your choice if you are asked to select a meth
What are called multilevel indices? Indices with two or more levels are known as multilevel indices.
Define and differentiate between ordered indexing and hashing. Ans: Ordered indexing: To gain fast random access to records in a file, we can make of an index structure. Every
What are the time stamps associated with each data item? W-timestamp (Q) denotes the largest time stamp if any transaction that implemented WRITE (Q) successfully. R-timesta
Describe the algorithm for updating indices for a single level index when a record is (i) Inserted (ii) deleted What will be the modification if there are multilevel in
Database Administrator One of the main perpose for having the database management system is to have control of both data or programs accessing that data. The person having li
Describe in brief about the Sequence Diagrams Sequence diagrams are interaction diagrams which emphasize time ordering of messages. In UML, it is shown as a table which shows
The PROJECT operation The project operation is used to choose the records with specified attributes as discarding the others based on some related criteria. This is denotes as ∏
what is Mapping Constraints? with examples
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