Q. What do you mean by Quartz crystals?

Synthetic quartz is composed of Silicon and Oxygen (Silicon Dioxide) and is cultured in autoclaves under high pressure and temperature. Quartz exhibits piezoelectric properties which generate an electrical potential when pressure is applied on the surfaces of the crystal. Conversely, when an electrical potential is applied to the surfaces of a crystal, mechanical deformation or vibration is generated. These vibrations occur at a frequency determined by the crystal design and oscillator circuit. Under proper conditions, quartz can be used to stabilize the frequency of an oscillator circuit.