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What are the General Transformation Rules for Relational operations?
Ans: The transformation rules transform one relational algebra expression to AN
EQUIVALENT ONE
1. Employed by the query optimizer to optimize query tree
2. Any type of rule, if applied, ensures that the resultant tree is equivalent → resulting execution plan is equivalent
General Transformation Rules is as follow:
1. Commutativity of s: The s operation is commutative:
Explain the ANSI SPARC architecture The three-schema architecture is as well known as ANSI SPARC architecture. The aim of the three-schema architecture is to separate the user
System level permissions : With the use of data dictionary you can view them. Let us take the table name as user_sys_privs (used in oracle). DESCRIBE USER_SYS_PRI
Consider the subsequent relation Professor (Pfcode, dept, head, time) It is assumed that (i) A professor can work in much more than one
What is the way a particular application views the data from the database that the application uses? Sub schema is the way a particular application views the data from the data
1. Staff (staffID --> availabilityID) 2. Services (servicesID --> itemBasedID --> timedBasedID) 3. TimedBased (timedbasedID--> priceid) 4. Clients (clientId, serviceId-->
Oracle & Distributed Databases 1. Differentiate between PL/SQL functions and procedures. 2. Draw the diagram of logical structure of oracle database and explain it in brief.
What are the Objectives of object design After going through this unit, you could be able to: explain steps of object design; discuss algorithms that reduce costs;
Name the various privileges in SQL? A) Delete B) Select C) Insert D) Update
what is natural join?
Attributes attached to an entity can be of various types. Simple The attribute that cannot be further separated into smaller parts and shows the basic meaning is known as a
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