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What are the General Transformation Rules for Relational operations?
Ans: The transformation rules transform one relational algebra expression to AN
EQUIVALENT ONE
1. Employed by the query optimizer to optimize query tree
2. Any type of rule, if applied, ensures that the resultant tree is equivalent → resulting execution plan is equivalent
General Transformation Rules is as follow:
1. Commutativity of s: The s operation is commutative:
Improved Reliability: In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link cr
describe all the tables you have created. ?get table_name, status, num_rows, user_stats in user_tables system view ?get table_name, constraint_name, constraint_type in user_constr
Short Note on mid Square Method of hashing? Mid square method of hashing: In the method midsquare hashing, the key is squared and the address selected from the center of the s
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
What is a primary index? A primary index is an index whose search key also explains the sequential order of the file.
Discuss along with examples about several types of attributes present in the ER model? Types of Attributes are: • SIMPLE attributes are attributes which are drawn from the ato
What is known as a search key? An attribute or set of attributes used to look up records in a file is known as a search key.
Database Errors: An error is said to have occurred if the implementation of a command to manipulate the database cannot be successfully finished either due to inconsistent data or
What is ICR? A. ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition) is a technology that gives scanning and imaging systems the ability to identify images of hand-printed or script charact
Domain Constraint It shows that each attribute in a relation has to contain an atomic value only from the corresponding domains. The data types associated with commercial RDBMS
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