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Unrepeatable reads: Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. But this could occur if, among the two read operations, another transaction modifies X.
T7
T8
Assumed value of
X=2000
READ X
2000
UPDATE X
3000
Therefore, the inconsistent values are read and results of the transaction may be in fault.
Whenever the LIMIT clause will be used? LIMIT is used for the following kinds of problems: 1) Answering questions about first or last and largest or smallest 2) Splitting
What is the archtetype/instance pattern? The archetype/instance pattern happens when one entity tracks occurrences of another entity. A common example is the relationship among
These are the binary operations; i.e., each is applied to two relations or sets. These two relations can be union compatible excluding in case of Cartesian product. Two relations R
Different stages of DDLC ?
What are the various symbols used to draw an E-R diagram (any 3)?
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
What is E-R model? This data model is based on real world that having of basic objects called entities and of relationship between these objects. Entities are explained in a da
Using Column aliases Example: To print column names as NAME and ANNUAL SALARY SELECT ENAME "NAME", SAL*12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM EMP;
How to Insert data in your table from another table? insert into e.g, To insert tuples from employee into N_emp created above, use following statement Insert into N_emp
What is meant by mean time to failure? The mean time to failure is the amount of time that the system could run continuously without failure.
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