1. Mrs Munyarryun, 67 years, has been retired from her work for two years. She rings for advice about urinary incontinence, a problem she has experienced over the last 6 months. What might have triggered urinary incontinence and what would you include in your advice?

2. Mr Konarski, 73 years old, lives in a high-level care facility. He has dementia of the Alzheimer's type, osteoarthritis in both knees and ankles, and hypertension, which is controlled by medication. He requires supervision and help with all personal care. Today, however, he appears unusually agitated and restless. What would you consider might be the cause of this change?

3. Mr Lusk, 69 years old, lives with his wife in a low-care facility. He has recently been diagnosed with early stage Dementia. You are educating his wife (Mrs Lusk) on the aspects of managing challenging behaviour. What can you tell her about Validation therapy? Give an example (either a conversation or situation) of when she can use this technique with her husband.

4. Forms of Restraint:

a) What are the three types of restraints?

b) For each type, identify one action which demonstrates how this restraint could be applied:

c) Identify three restraint alternatives which could be used in aged care practice.