Types of bond: covalent bond, Physics

Assignment Help:

(B) COVALENT BOND:

 

 What about reactions between two non metals? Many non metals do bond together. Hydrogen atoms, for instance, frequently react with other hydrogen atoms. Which will turn out to be positively charged and which negative? Actually none. Neither atom has any stronger pull (or affinity) for electrons than the other, consequently these reactions do not create ions. In fact the two atoms share each others' electrons in what is called a covalent bond. Covalent bond forms in atom that are electro negative, especially those with 4 or more valance electrons. These atoms 'share' their electrons with each other in order to form completely filled valance shells and achieve chemical stability. For example, a chlorine atom which just lacks a single electron to completely fill up its valance shell (it just has 7 electrons out of 8 needed to fill up the shell), can pair up with another chlorine atom to form a chlorine molecule by covalent bonding. Each chlorine atom will then have 6 unshared electrons and 2 'shared' electrons, for a total 8 electron that fill up its valance shell. Atoms can form multiple covalent bonds if they need more than one electron to complete their valance shells. Oxygen, for instance, bonds with itself to create 2 bonds between the atoms (since each atom needs to share 2 electrons). So if there is one atom has a much greater affinity for electrons than another, the two many form an ionic bond. If two atoms have equivalent electron affinities they form covalent bonds. What if two atoms are somewhat unequal? In a molecule of water enough to pull the electrons away completely and form ionic bonds. This is possible because there are two types of covalent bonds. Non-polar covalent bonds are formed when atom shared electrons equally, such as in the examples above. But when an atom has a greater affinity for electrons in a molecule, the shared electrons will spend more time around that atom and the bond formed will be a electrons polar covalent bond. This is the case with the water molecule. Each water molecule consists of 2 atoms of hydrogen bonded to 1 atom of oxygen and thus has the chemical formula bonded H2O, the electrons tends to spend more time around the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. The unequally shared electrons will cause a partial charge (called a dipole).

 


Related Discussions:- Types of bond: covalent bond

What average force does the bullet exert on the gun, A 7.25-g bullet is fir...

A 7.25-g bullet is fired from a gun. The muzzle velocity of the bullet is 223 m/s. Suppose that the bullet accelerates at a constant rate along the barrel of the gun before it

Illustrates quantum theory of black body radiation by planck, Illustrates t...

Illustrates the quantum theory of black body radiation by Planck? Planck’s quantum theory of black body radiation Planck was investigating the properties of light-emitting a

Illustrate what is larger the force the earth exerts on you, Q. Illustrate ...

Q. Illustrate what is larger the force the earth exerts on you or the force you exert on the earth? Answer:- A non-scientist's preliminary stab at this If you are talking

Adiabatic reversible expansion of a gas, Get an expression relating T and V...

Get an expression relating T and V in an adiabatic reversible expansion of a gas obeying the equation of state PV = nRT.

Demerits of vacuum diode over semiconductor diode, Demerits of Vacuum Diode...

Demerits of Vacuum Diode over Semiconductor Diode (i)  Bigger in size (ii)  Less efficiency (iii)  Expensive

Types of modulus of elasticity, There are five types of modulus  of elastic...

There are five types of modulus  of elasticity (i) YOUNG'S MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (Y (ii) BULK MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (K) (iii) COMPRESSIBILITY (iv) MODULUS OF RIGIDITY

Determine the velocity of the second ball, A cue ball has a mass of 0.160 k...

A cue ball has a mass of 0.160 kg is at rest on a frictionless pool table. The ball is hit dead center by a pool stick which applies an impulse of +1.40 Ns to the ball. He ball the

State ohms law, Q State Ohm's law. At a steady temperature that the st...

Q State Ohm's law. At a steady temperature that the steady current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference between the two ends of the

Quantum mechanicm, compton effect and quantum nature of light

compton effect and quantum nature of light

What is the average velocity of the balloon, The position-time graph for a ...

The position-time graph for a hot-air balloon that is in flight is shown in the accompanying figure.   a) What is the average velocity of the balloon? b) What is the

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd