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TRAP AND TRACE SYSTEMSTrap and Trace Systems use techniques to detect an intrusion and trace it back to its source. Trap comprises of honey pot or padded cell and alarm. The drawbacks to trap and trace- Enticement: procedure of attracting attention to system by placing the tantalizing bits of information in key locations-Entrapment: luring an individual into committing a crime to get a conviction.-Enticement is legal and ethical, whereas entrapment is not.
SCANNING AND ANALYSIS TOOLSIt is used to collect information that attacker would require to launch successful attack. Attack protocol is series of steps or processes used by an attacker, in a logical sequence, to launch attack against the target system or network.
-Footprinting: organized research of Internet addresses controlled by a target organization-Fingerprinting is a systematic survey of all of target organization’s Internet addresses collected during foot printing phase. Fingerprinting reveals helpful information about the internal structure and operational nature of target system or network for the anticipated attack. These tools are valuable to network defender as they can quickly pinpoint parts of systems or network that require a prompt repair to close the vulnerability.Port ScannersPort scanners are tools which are used by both attackers and defenders to identify the computers active on a network, and other useful information. They can scan for specific types of computers, protocols, or resources or their scans can be generic. The more specific the scanner is, the better it can provides attackers and defenders useful information.
ERROR REPORTING MECHANISM (ICMP) INTRODUCTION: IP gives best-effort delivery. Delivery causes can be ignored; datagrams may be 'dropped on the ground'. Internet Control Me
Repeater known as regenerator ; it is an electronic machine that performs only at physical layer. It gets the signal in the network before it becomes loss or weak, recreates the
FIREWALL ANALYSIS TOOLS There are a number of tools automate remote discovery of firewall rules and assist the administrator in analyzing rules Administrators who feel wary of u
Consider a computer system with three users: Alice, Bob and Cindy. Alice owns the file alicerc, and Bob and Cindy can read it. Cindy can read and write the file bobrc, which Bob ow
Broadcasting is the distribution of video and audio content to a whole audience via any audio or visual mass communications medium, but generally one using electromagnetic radiat
ROUTING TABLE For efficiency, information about forwarding is saved in a routing table, which is started at system initialization and must be updated as network topology modif
ROUTING TABLES AND ADDRESS MASKS Additional information is saved in routing table. Destination is kept as network address. Next hop is saved as IP address of router. Address m
PARITY BIT: A parity bit is an extra bit transmitted with data item select to give the resulting bit odd or even parity. For example an even parity data packet 10100001 has p
Question: a) Differentiate between ‘Gross Settlement' and ‘Multilateral Net Settlement' providing suitable examples where necessary to support your answer. b) Differentia
algorithm on simple intrest
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