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The following variant of the primary copy asynchronous-update replication protocol has been proposed for totally replicated systems.
(a) A transaction executing at site A updates only the replicas at A before it commits (it needed to access no other site since replication is total).
(b) After the transaction commits, a second transaction is initiated to update the primary copies of all items updated at A.
(c) After the transaction in step (b) has completed, each primary site propagates the update made at that site to all secondaries (including the one at site A). Updates made to a primary copy by several transactions are propagated to secondaries in the order in which the primary was updated.
Explain why, in step (b), all primaries must be updated in a single transaction and, in step (c), the update is propagated to site A.
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