The Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF)

The PPF curve exhibits the probable combinations of goods and services accessible to an economy, given that all productive resources are completely and  efficiently employed. When the economy is at point i, resources are not completely  employed and/or they are not used effectively. Point g is desirable as it gives more of both the goods, but not achievable by given the amount of resources available. Point d is one of the like combinations of goods manufactured when resources are completely and efficiently employed.

Scarcity and the PPF

To enhance the quantity of farm goods by 10 tons, we should sacrifice 100 tons of factory goods. The PPF curve is bowed out as resources are not fully adaptable to the manufacturing of the two goods. As we raise the production of one good, we sacrifice subsequently more of the other.