The complexity ladder, Data Structure & Algorithms

Assignment Help:

The complexity Ladder:

  • T(n) = O(1). It is called constant growth. T(n) does not raise at all as a function of n, it is a constant. For illustration, array access has this characteristic. A[i] takes the identical time independent of the size of the array A.
  • T(n) = O(log2 (n)). It is called logarithmic growth. T(n) raise proportional to the base 2 logarithm of n. In fact, the base of logarithm does not matter. For instance, binary search has this characteristic.
  • T(n) = O(n). It is called linear growth. T(n) linearly grows with n. For instance, looping over all the elements into a one-dimensional array of n elements would be of the order of O(n).
  • T(n) = O(n log (n). It is called nlogn growth. T(n) raise proportional to n times the base 2 logarithm of n. Time complexity of Merge Sort contain this characteristic. Actually no sorting algorithm that employs comparison among elements can be faster than n log n.
  • T(n) = O(nk). It is called polynomial growth. T(n) raise proportional to the k-th power of n. We rarely assume algorithms which run in time O(nk) where k is bigger than 2 , since such algorithms are very slow and not practical. For instance, selection sort is an O(n2) algorithm.
  • T(n) = O(2n) It is called exponential growth. T(n) raise exponentially.

In computer science, Exponential growth is the most-danger growth pattern. Algorithms which grow this way are fundamentally useless for anything except for very small input size.

Table 1 compares several algorithms in terms of their complexities.

Table 2 compares the typical running time of algorithms of distinct orders.

The growth patterns above have been tabulated in order of enhancing size. That is,   

  O(1) <  O(log(n)) < O(n log(n)) < O(n2)  < O(n3), ... , O(2n).

Notation

Name

Example

O(1)

Constant

Constant growth. Does

 

 

not grow as a function

of n. For example, accessing array for one element A[i]

O(log n)

Logarithmic

Binary search

O(n)

Linear

Looping over n

elements, of an array of size n (normally).

O(n log n)

Sometimes called

"linearithmic"

Merge sort

O(n2)

Quadratic

Worst time case for

insertion sort, matrix multiplication

O(nc)

Polynomial,

sometimes

 

O(cn)

Exponential

 

O(n!)

Factorial

 

 

              Table 1: Comparison of several algorithms & their complexities

 

 

 

Array size

 

Logarithmic:

log2N

 

Linear: N

 

Quadratic: N2

 

Exponential:

2N

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

3

7

8

10

17

 

8

128

256

1000

100,000

 

64

16,384

65,536

1 million

10 billion

 

256

3.4*1038

1.15*1077

1.07*10301

........

 


Related Discussions:- The complexity ladder

COBOL, write a COBOL program to find the biggest of two numbers

write a COBOL program to find the biggest of two numbers

Design the system for seller, Your program should include three components ...

Your program should include three components selling, buying and managing for the use of sellers, buyers and the Manager, respectively. Provide a menu for a user to enter each comp

Singly linked list , The two pointers per number of a doubly linked list pr...

The two pointers per number of a doubly linked list prepare programming quite easy. Singly linked lists as like the lean sisters of doubly linked lists. We need SItem to consider t

Create accessors for this data structure, Create a Money data structure tha...

Create a Money data structure that is made up of amount and currency. (a) Write a constructor for this data structure (b) Create accessors for this data structure (c) Writ

Algorithm for finding a key by binary search technique, Q. Write down an al...

Q. Write down an algorithm for finding a key from a sorted list using the binary search technique or method.

Postfix expression, : Write an algorithm to evaluate a postfix expression. ...

: Write an algorithm to evaluate a postfix expression. Execute your algorithm using the following postfix expression as your input: a b + c d +*f ­ .

Sorting, how to do a merge sorting

how to do a merge sorting

Write the algorithm to find input and output value, This algorithm inputs 5...

This algorithm inputs 5 values and outputs how many input numbers were positive and how many were negative. Data to be used: N = 1, -5, 2, -8, -7

Perform inorder, QUESTION (a) Construct a binary tree for the following...

QUESTION (a) Construct a binary tree for the following numbers assuming that a number greater than the node (starting from the root) goes to the left else it goes to the right.

Hashing, explain collision resloving techniques in hasing

explain collision resloving techniques in hasing

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd