Tank drainage-apparent viscosity-laminar flow, Mechanical Engineering

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 Tank Drainage

A large open vertical tank has three small, smooth, well-rounded orifices spaced equidistantly at ¼h, ½h, ¾h up from the bottom of the tank (Fig. Q1). Water is continuously added to the tank, and an overflow tube maintains the water level constant at h. Derive a relationship between the places where the three jets hit the ground.

                                      854_Tank Drainage.png

                                                                                           Figure Q1

Q.2      Apparent Viscosity

Rheological data for a test fluid from a rheometer is presented in Table Q2. The data was obtained by first increasing the shear rate up to 200 s-1 and measuring the shear stress (1.) and then decreasing the shear rate and measuring the new stress stress (2.). Plot the data for shear stress with shear rates. On the same graph, determine and plot the apparent viscosities with shear rate. Describe accurately this type of fluid. Explain why the profiles are not identical.

                                                                                                      Table Q2

Shear rate s-1

1. Shear stress Nm-2

2. Shear stress Nm-2

5

116

74

18

255

203

32

353

304

45

440

392

59

520

474

72

598

548

86

674

617

99

747

684

113

817

750

126

880

812

139

948

874

153

1008

937

166

1063

999

180

1114

1065

193

1160

1133

200

1181

1172

Q.3      Laminar Flow

A process uses an oil of density 800 kg.m-3 and viscosity 80 mPa.s at a rate of 0.72 m3.h-1. The feed pipe splits into two smaller pipes and both discharge freely into the process. One pipe has an inner diameter of 5.0 cm and length of 20 m while the other has an inner diameter of 2.5 cm and length of 10 m.

1.    Determine the rate of flow in each pipe.

2.    Confirm laminar flow in each pipe by calculating the Reynolds number.


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