Q. Summary of osi model?

- There was no standard for networks in the early period and as a result it was difficult for networks to communicate with each other.

- The ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) recognised this. And researched various network schemes in addition to in 1984 introduced the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model.

- The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model has standards which ensure vendors greater compatibility and interoperability between various types of network technologies.

- The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model organizes network functions into seven numbered layers.

- Every layer provides a service to the layer above it in the protocol specification and communicates with the same layer's software or hardware on other computers.

- Layers 1-4 are apprehensive with the flow of data from end to end through the network and Layers 5-7 are concerned with services to the applications.