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Suffix - IUPAC System of Naming Organic Compounds
The word root is associated to the suffix that may be primary or secondary or both of them.
(a) Primary suffix: A primary suffix is added to the word root to point out whether the carbon chain is saturated or not saturated.
Saturated (C - C)
-ane
Alkane
Unsaturated (C = C)
-ene
Alkene
Unsaturated (C º C)
-yne
Alkyne
If the parent chain comprises two, three or more triple or double bonds, after that the numerical prefixes like di (for two), tri (for three), tetra (for four), etc. are added to the primary suffix.
(b) Secondary suffix: After that a secondary suffix is added to the word root after the primary suffix to point out the functional group present in the organic compound.
Alcohols
-OH
-ol
Aldehydes
- CHO
-al
Ketones
> C = O
-one
Carboxylic acids
- COOH
-oic acid
Esters
- COOR
alkyl.... oate
Acid chlorides
- COCl
-oyl chloride
Acid amides
- CONH2
-amide
Nitriles
- Cº N
-nitrile
Amines
- NH2
-amine
Thiol
- SH
thiol
It might be noted that while adding the secondary suffix to the primary suffix, the terminal 'e' of the primary suffix (that is ane, ene and yne) is droped if the secondary suffix starts with a vowel but is retained if the secondary suffix starts with a consonant. As specified in the table below:
Word root
Eth
Prop
Primary suffix
an (e)*
ane
Secondary suffix
ol
nitrile
IUPAC name
Ethanol
Propanenitrile
The terminal 'e' from the primary suffix has been dropped as the secondary suffix that is 'ol' starts with a vowel 'o'.
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