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As the Internet started, the original Classful addressing procedure became a limitation. The IP address space was being terminated because all networks had to select one of three possible sizes. Many addresses were not used.
Two new methods were invented to overcome the limitations, which are as given:
Instead of having three different address classes, allow the division between suffix and prefix to occur on an arbitrary boundary. The classless addressing scheme answers the problem by allowing an ISP to give a prefix. Prefix is 28 bits long.
Can you describe the concept of DHCP?
Large data packets result in fewer load because a smaller part of the packet is used for header information. Optimum networks use 4kB data packets or larger. Large data packets
Token Bus Physical order of stations doesn't matter Line is broadcast medium "Send" token by addressing neighbour Provisions for deleting, adding stations
differntiate between error control and flow control in data link layer
Reliable Data Transfer Figure illustrate the framework for reliable transfer. The service abstraction provided to the upper layer entities is that of a reliable channel
What is piggybacked ACK The protocol will be incorrect. Suppose that 3-bit sequence numbers we are using. Consider following situation: A just send frame 7. B gets frame
Q. Describe OSI Routing Architecture? End systems (ESs) as well as intermediate systems (ISs) use routing protocols to distribute (-advertise?) some or all of the informati
DLCI- Data Link Connection Identifier. A frame-relay service provider usually assigns DLCI values that are used by frame-relay to distinguish among different virtual circuits on th
bit stuffing program in python
The application layer This layer enables users to access the network by providing a few services to the user some of the protocols and services available to the user ar
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