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Strengths of Phenols - Hydrocarbon
The comparative strengths of some phenols (as acids) are like this:
p-Nitrophenol > o-Nitrophenol > m- Nitrophenol > Phenol
Presence of electron releasing group, (e.g - CH3, - C2H5, - OCH3, -NR2) on the benzene ring decreases the acidity of phenol like it strengthens the negative charge on phenoxy oxygen and thus proton release turns into more difficult. So, cresols are less acidic as compared to the phenol.
Though, m-methoxy and m-aminophenols are stronger acids as compared to phenol because of -I effect and absence of +R effect.
m-methoxy phenol > m-amino phenol > phenol > o-methoxy phenol > p-methoxy phenol
Chloro phenols : o- > m- > p-
Cresols : m- > p- > o-
Dihydric phenol : m- > p- > o-
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