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Sodium iodide crystal (NaI)
It scintillate with good efficiency when gamma ray is absorbed, these crystals where attached directly to the PTM to detect a weak flashes of light .They where improved by adding a trace amounts of thallium(Tl)and often referred as NaI(Tl) detector. It is the most widely used detector in medicine .A nuclear medicine scintillation detector system
1-Scince the NaI(Tl)detector is very sensitive ,it has to be well shielded from background radiation .2- five or more cm of lead surrounding the NaI(Tl)crystal except at the collimator .3-The electron emitted at the photocathode of PTM produce an electrical pulse at the output .4-this pulse is electronically amplified at the amplifier. 5-The pulse can be directly counted by the scalar.6-The pulse pass to the single channel pulse height analyzer(PHA) to determine the energy of the gamma raysIt contain an upper discriminator (it rejects the pulses larger than a chosen size)
lower discriminator ( reject the pulses smaller than a chosen size)
window(it is the energy difference between the upper and lower limits )
Multi Chanel analyzer (MCA): it determine the pulse height distribution of all the pulses from the detector ,so it sorts the pulses according to the size.
Determne the magnetic field due to a finit sraight wire of length 2l, carrying a steady current i. The point of interest P is l distance away from the middle point of wire O. So
A 4μF capacitor is connected in parallel with a 6μF capacitor. This arrangement is then linked in series with a 10μF capacitor. A supply p.d. of 250V is linked across the circ
dimension of electric current
project
nicol prism and its application how to easily undestanding to teach the student
Generate and plot a sampled sine wave with f s =8kHz, of 4 seconds duration, with frequency ω 0 = Π/10 and amplitude A = 1 . 2. The waveform equation is x ( n ) = A s
A closed magnetic circuit of cast steel have a 6cm long path of cross-sectional area 1 cm 2 and a 2 cm path of cross-sectional area 0.5cm 2 . A coil of 200 turns is wound ar
Define the term intrinsic stand-off ration in UJT. Ans: Intrinsic Stand-off Ratio: Equivalent circuit of a UJT is demonstrated in fig. (a). Emitter diode forms the junctio
how does a magnifying glass work to produce a large or smaller image?
Q. A coil of area of cross section 0.5 m 2 among 10 turns is in a plane perpendicular to a magnetic field of 0.2 wb / m 2 . Compute the flux through the coil.
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