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Sodium iodide crystal (NaI)
It scintillate with good efficiency when gamma ray is absorbed, these crystals where attached directly to the PTM to detect a weak flashes of light .They where improved by adding a trace amounts of thallium(Tl)and often referred as NaI(Tl) detector. It is the most widely used detector in medicine .A nuclear medicine scintillation detector system
1-Scince the NaI(Tl)detector is very sensitive ,it has to be well shielded from background radiation .2- five or more cm of lead surrounding the NaI(Tl)crystal except at the collimator .3-The electron emitted at the photocathode of PTM produce an electrical pulse at the output .4-this pulse is electronically amplified at the amplifier. 5-The pulse can be directly counted by the scalar.6-The pulse pass to the single channel pulse height analyzer(PHA) to determine the energy of the gamma raysIt contain an upper discriminator (it rejects the pulses larger than a chosen size)
lower discriminator ( reject the pulses smaller than a chosen size)
window(it is the energy difference between the upper and lower limits )
Multi Chanel analyzer (MCA): it determine the pulse height distribution of all the pulses from the detector ,so it sorts the pulses according to the size.
Give two basic important characteristics of nuclear forces? Neutrons are the best projectiles of process of nuclear reactions. Why? Give any two properties of neutron.
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The signal which has only two values. I.e. either a constant high value of voltage or zero value is known as digital voltage signal
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Q. Compute the resistance of the filament of a 100W, 220 V electric bulbs. Power P = V 2 /R Resistance R = V 2 /P = (220 X 220)/ 100 = 484 ohm.
What are the minority and majority charge carriers in a p-type semi conductor? How is a battery connected to a junction diode in a) forward and b) reverse-bias?
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