Q. Show the Empirical analysis?

Empirical analysis aimed at investigating nature of scale economies, degree of input complementarily orsubstitutability, or the nature and extent of productive inefficiency can be conducted employing a production function or again more easily employing a cost function. 

If the provided time period under consideration is sufficiently short, then assumption of a given technology is valid. Longer-term effects of technological progress or adaptation of existing superior technology can be introduced into the analysis. Technical progress increases the maximum output which can be attained from a given collection of inputs and so in the presence of unchanging unit prices of the inputs technical progress decreases the minimum cost which should be incurred to produce a given quantity of output. This phenomenon is merely an extension to the time dimension of the duality relationship which links cost functions and production functions. Particularly empirical interest are the magnitude of technical progress and its cost-reducing effects and possible labour-saving bias of technological progress and its employment effects which are transmitted from the production function, to the cost function and then to labour demand function.