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Q. Presume that a distributed system is susceptible to server failure. What mechanisms would be needed to guarantee the exactly once semantics for execution of RPCs?
Answer: The server must keep track in stable storage (such as a disk log) information regarding what RPC operations were received whether they were successfully performed in addition to the results associated with the operations. When a server crash occurs and a RPC message is received the server can check whether the RPC had been before performed and therefore guarantee exactly once semanctics for the execution of RPCs.
What are the typical elements of a process image? User data: Modifiable part of user space. May have program data, user stack area, and programs that might be modified. User
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Processes have valid and invalid entries on their page tables. The valid entries all point to some where "real" (e.g. a physical page, or some portion of disk in case of non-reside
What is page fault and what are the steps taken by the OS to remove page fault? A page fault is caused while a page that hasn't been brought into memory is being addressed. The
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What is macro expansion
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Additional-reference-bits algorithm We can keep an 8-bit byte for every page in a table in memory. The operating system shifts the reference bits right 1 bit, discarding the lo
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