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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
what is the hex value in ax after executing the instructions ax= 1E8A bx=4080 add al,bl sub ah,bh
General Data Registers Given figure indicate the register organization of 8086. The registers DX, CX, BX and AX are the general purpose 16-bit registers. AX is behaved as 16-bi
I can get it to copy the string but can''t get it to reverse it.
External System Bus Architecture : This is a 16 bit processor with 40 pins. It has twenty address pins and out of which sixteen are utilized as data pins. This concept of by us
OR: Logical OR: The OR instruction carries out the OR operation in the similar way as described in case of the AND operation. The restriction on source and destination operands ar
8237 modes : Intel 8237 can be set to four different type of style of transfer: 1) Single - One transfer at a time, it allow processor access to the bus between transfers
• To develop an assembly language program to control a "simulated" intelligent domestic lighting system with the intention of deterring burglary. • To produce a schematic circuit d
Assembling a program Microsoft Assembler MASM is one of the simple to use and famous assemblers. All the references and discussions in this section are belonging to the MASM.
The Intel Processors : The Intel Corporation is the biggest manufacturer of microchips in the world, in addition to being the leading provider of chips for PCs. I
Execution Unit (EU) and Bus Interface Unit (BIU) : 8086 consist of two processors called EU and BIU. Two Processors can work parallel. This improves speed of execution. BIU fi
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