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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
Write a MC68H12 assembly language program to find the largest number in an array of ten 8-bit numbers. The array is stored in memory locations starting at address $1100. Use branch
NEG: Negate:- The negate instruction forms the 2's complement of the particular destination in the instruction. For obtaining 2's complement, it subtracts the contents of destinat
Entering a Program In this section, we will explain the procedure for entering a small program on IBM PC with DOS operating system. Assume a program of addition of 2 bytes, as
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Segment Registers The 8086 addresses a segmented memory unlike 8085. The complete 1 megabyte memory, which 8086 is capable to address is divided into 16 logical segments.Thusea
Maximim and Minimum mode 8088 system : In the maximum mode, the pin 880 is lastingly high. The functions and timings of other pins of 8088 are exactly similar to 8086. Due to t
Pin diagram of 8088 : The pin diagram of 8088 is shown in given figure. Most of the 8088 pins and their functions are exactly similar to the corresponding pins of 8086. Hence
SBB: Subtract with Borrow :- The subtract with borrow instruction subtracts the source operand and the borrow flag (CF) which might reflect the result of the past calculations,
Print Media Advertising (PMA) has been providing a contract to market Buzz Cola via newspaper ads in a main southern newspaper. Full-page ads in the weekday editions (Monday throug
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