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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
Flowchart for the sequence of 8251 Whether the control, mode or sync character register is selected depends on the accessing sequence. A flowchart of the sequencing is given i
Segment Registers The 8086 addresses a segmented memory unlike 8085. The complete 1 megabyte memory, which 8086 is capable to address is divided into 16 logical segments.Thusea
1. Assembly code for the flow chart we did in the class about the simple I/O interface driver 2. Enhanced driver (flow chart and its assembly code) to cater for interruptions in th
LENGTH : Byte Length of a Label: This directive is not available in MASM. This is used to mention to the length of a data array or a string. MOV CX. LENGTH ARRAY This sta
Data copy/transfer Instructions MOV: This data transfer instruction transfers data from one register or memory location to another register or memory location. The source can
Sum of series of 10 numbers and store result in memory location total
Write an account of your findings and produce a report containing all aspects of the above. Include a step-by-step 'simple User Guide' so that your program can be operated as inten
DIV: Unsigned Division:- This instruction performs unsigned division operation. It divides an unsigned word or double word by a 16-bit or 8-bit operand. The dividend might be in t
String Manipulation Instruction A series of words or data bytes are available in memory at consecutive locations, to be mention to individually or collectively, are known as by
Format of Control Register The format for the control register is given in Figure. Bit 0 of this register might be one before data may be output and bit two might be one
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