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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
REP : Repeat Instruction Prefix :- This instruction is utilized as a prefix to other instructions. The instruction in which the REP prefix is provided, is executed repetitively
segmentation and overlapping in assemble language
Machine Coding the Programs So far we have describe five programs which were written for hand coding by a programmer. In this, we will now have a deep look at how these prog
to find the matrix addition
Interrupt Table Each interrupt level has a booked memory location, called an interrupt vector. All these vectors (or pointers) are stored in the interrupt table. Table lies at
ROL : Rotate Left without Carry: This instruction rotates the content of the destination operand to the left by the specified count bit-wise excluding the carry. The most signific
I want to do a program as a game by using the Microcontroller 8051 with the assembly language, by using 4*4 keypad and its matrix display. I have to use the keypad for playing the
1. Write a program that calculates the Fibonacci series: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ….. (Except for the first two numbers in the sequence, each number is the sum of the preceding two n
LABEL : The Label directive which is used to assign a name to the current content of the location counter. At the beginning of the assembly process, the assembler start a loca
You have been hired by the Elbonian government to write an Assembly program to help its workforce determine how much their tax will be. The tax laws in Elbonian are very simple. Th
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