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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
Explain the basic method for implementing paging
1. Assembly code for the flow chart we did in the class about the simple I/O interface driver 2. Enhanced driver (flow chart and its assembly code) to cater for interruptions in th
LENGTH : Byte Length of a Label: This directive is not available in MASM. This is used to mention to the length of a data array or a string. MOV CX. LENGTH ARRAY This sta
Pin Description of 8086 The microprocessor 8086 is a 16-bit CPU available in 3 clock rates, for example 5, 8 and 10 MHz, packaged in a40 pin CERDIP or plastic package. The 8
) What is the difference between re-locatable program and re-locatable data?
SEG : Segment of a Label:- The SEG operator is which is used to decide the segment address of the, variable, label or procedure and substitutes the segment base address in plac
PTR : Pointer:- The pointer operator which is used to declare the type of a variable, label or memory operand. The operator PTR is prefixed by either WORD or BYTE. If the prefi
Write a nonrecursive version of the Factorial procedure (Section 8.3.2) that uses a loop. (A VideoNote for this exercise is posted on the Web site.) Write a short program that inte
Write a 32-bit program which when run, allows the user to select from a menu: (1) Enter a Binary Number (2) Enter a Decimal Number (3) Enter a Hexadecimal Number
The addressing modes for the sequential control transfer instructions are described below: 1. Immediate: Immediate data is a part of instruction,in this type of addressin
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