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RICS/CISC Architecture
An essential aspect of computer architecture is the design of the instruction set for the processor. The instruction set selected for a specific computer determine the way that machine language programs are constructed. Early computers had simple and small instruction sets, forced basically by the have to minimize the hardware used to implement them. With the advent of integrated circuits as digital hardware became cheaper and computer instructions tend to increase both in complexity and number. Many computers contain instruction sets that include more than hundred and sometimes even more than 200 instructions. These computers also employ a variety of data types and a large number of addressing modes. The trend for computer hardware complexity was influenced by several factors, such as upgrading existing models to provide more customer applications, adding instructions that facilitate the translation from high-level language into machine language programs and striving to develop machines that move functions from implementation of software into hardware . A computer with number of instructions is classified as a Complex Instruction Set Computer and abbreviated CISC.
In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with easy constructs so they may be executed much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as frequently. This type of computer is classified as a Reduced Instruction Set Computer or RISC.
1. Assembly code for the flow chart we did in the class about the simple I/O interface driver 2. Enhanced driver (flow chart and its assembly code) to cater for interruptions in th
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SHORT : The SHORT operator denoted to the assembler that only one byte is needed to code the displacement for a jump (for example displacement is within -128 to +127 bytes fr
AAA: ASCII Adjust after Addition operation the AAA instruction is executed after an ADD instruction that adds 2 ASCII coded operands to give a byte of outcome in the AL. The AAA i
Assembly Language: Inside the 8085, instructions are really stored like binary numbers, not a very good manner to look at them and very difficult to decipher. An assembler is
8254 Programmable Timer A diagram of Intel's 8254 interval event/timer counter is given in Figure. The 8254 consists of 3 identical counting circuits, per of which has GATE and
OR: Logical OR: The OR instruction carries out the OR operation in the similar way as described in case of the AND operation. The restriction on source and destination operands ar
given a sentence, find the number of times a particular character or word appear. the sentence is to be entered by the user
check the al-register for palindromic number
Flag Register : 8086 has a 16-bit flag register which is divided into 2 parts, viz. (a)machine control flagsand (b)condition code or status flags. The condition code flag regi
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