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Regulatory Mechanisms
The immediate response to acute temperature chance is mediated through the central nervous system. The physiological thermostat has been located in the hypothalamus of the mammal and the spinal cord of the bird. These are the centres of reflex action and are activated by the temperature receptors of the skin or mucous membranes or directly through the changes in the temperature of the hypothlamus (or the blood circulating through it).
The physiological thermostat through the efferent nerve fibres stimulate the muscles for panting and shivering and through the autonomic system it regulates the cutaneous blood vessels, the sweat glands and so on. In some of the amniotes, the pineal and parapineal organs influence thermoregulatory behaviour and physiology. Cardiovascular and cutaneous responses are acute reactions to temperature change. If the exposure is more prolonged, the endocrine system enters the picture and the metabolism is altered particularly by way of the thyroid and adrenal glands.
The use of the gums in various foods may affect the following functional properties: 1. Water-binding capacity 2. Rheological properties 3. Capacity to form film or gel
Characteristic Features of Avian Gastrulation Creation of hypoblast and its important role in formation of the axis and orientation of embryo. Existence of the cells
What are the antigen-presenting cells of the immune system? The antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, also called as APC cells, are cells that do phagocytosis and dige
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Poxvirus zoonoses Naturally occurring poxvirus infections affect humans and many species of animals and insects. However, for most part, poxviruses other than variola cause self-l
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Birth control pills maintain a high blood level of estrogen and progesterone. What is happening in the ovary when the blood level of estrogen is high? How is the uterus responding?
In unilocular ovary with a single ovule the placentation is : 1. Marginal 2. Basal 3. Free Central 4. Axile Basal
What is diarrhoea? Diarrhoea is characterized by the frequent evacuation of liquid stools, usually exceeding 300 ml, accompanied by an excessive loss of fluids and electrolyte
Q. What are the differentiations of the cell membrane? In some kind of cells, the cell membrane presents differentiations that are necessary for the specific functions of the c
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