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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Define instance and schema? Instance: Collection of data kept in the data base at a particular moment is known as an Instance of the database. Schema: The o
You are working for the ABC Telecom and are given some customer records for data mining. You are asked to discover, from the data, patterns that characterize low-, medium- and high
What is the meaning of Recovery? In deferred update methods, if a transaction fails before arriving its commit point, it will not have altered the database in any way, so UNDO
Dependency Preservation It is obvious that the decomposition must be lossless so that we do not lose any information from the relation that is decomposed. Dependency preservati
Define the notation for classes and atrributes The notation for class, attribute, and operations are shown below: Figure: Class with attributes and operations A
Question: (a) Prepare an ERD for the scenario given below. (b) Convert the ER diagram produced in (a) above into its physical design. You have to choose an appropriate Pri
What it creates while a primary key is combined with a foreign key? It creates Parent-Child relation ship between the tables that connect them while a primary key is combined w
Discuss the problem of Spurious tuples and how we may prevent it. Ans: A spurious tuple is, mainly, a record in a database that gets created while two tables are joined bad
What is meant by buffer blocks and disk buffer The blocks residing temporarily in main memory are referred to as buffer blocks. The area of memory where blocks reside t
What is nested relational model? The nested relational model is an extension of relational model in which domains might be either atomic or relation valued.
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