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Recovery Techniques:After Reading the types of failures and database errors, let us talk about how to recover from the failures. Recovery can be complete using/restoring the previous consistent state (backward recovery) or by moving forward to the next consistent state as per the committed transactions recovery (forward recovery). Please note that a system can recover from software and hardware failures by using the forward and backward recovery only if the system log is intact. What is the system log? We will talk about it in more detail, but first let us describe forward and backward recovery.
Explain Authorization and Integrity Manager ? Authorization and Integrity Manager: Tests for the satisfaction of integrity constraints and checks the authority of users to acce
as a customer service employee, explain five measures you would recommend a displeased student to patronise a school canteen
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
Mention the type of constraints we can specify in the CREATE command of DDL. The type of constraints that can be specified are as follows:- PRIMARY KEY, NOT NULL, UNIQUE, FOR
1. Determine the set of minimal functional dependencies for the following data. The local bakery, Happy Cakes, needs your help designing a database that will support a kiosk in
1. Determine that the Checkpoints are a part of Ans: Checkpoints are a part of Recovery measures
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
Do the 11.1 11.1 Credit Card Use. Consider the following hypothetical bank data on consumers’ use of credit card credit facilities in Table 11.3. Create a small worksheet in Exce
With the linear commit protocol, sites are connected in a chain, and the subtransaction at the left-hand end of the chain initiates the protocol. Propose a crash recovery protocol
Define the terms i) DDL ii) DML DDL: Data base schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language known as a data def
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