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PRINCIPLES OF DARWINISM -
1. OVERPRODUCTION (PRODIGALITY) -
2. STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE -
3. VARIATIONS AMONG INDIVIDUALS -
4. SURVIVAL OF FITTEST -
5. NATURAL SELECTION -
6. PRINCIPLE OF NATURAL SELECTION -
Ultimately the Natural Selection is based on five observations and three inferences as suggested by Ernst Mayr (1982) in the form of following table -
OBSERVATION INFERENCES
1.
Great potential to reproduce results
(a) High number of individuals cause struggle for existence in which only few survive
in population increase exponentially
2.
Most populations stable in size except
for seasonal variation
3.
Limited Natural resources
(b) Survival depends upon the hereditary constitution of individual. Those fit as per the environment generate more offsprings
4.
There is variation among individuals
(c) Favourable characteristic in a population will accumulate gradually through generation
to a large extent
5.
Much of these variations are inheritable
Population become well adapted to their local environments through natural selection.
Natural selection is the differential success in reproduction and its product is adaptation of organisms to their environment; it is the result of interaction between environment and the variability.
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