Explain the phenomenon of polarization in dielectric materials.

Polarization in Dielectric Materials:

If a material contains polar molecules, they will usually be in random orientations when no electric field is applied. An applied electric field will polarize the material by orienting the dipole moments of polar molecules.

This reduces the effective electric field between the plates and will enhance the capacitance of the parallel plate structure. The dielectric must be a good electric insulator so as to reduce any DC leakage current by a capacitor.