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PC Bus and Interrupt System
The PC Bus utilized a bus controller, address latches, and data transceivers (bidirectional data buffers).
1) Bus controller :( Intel 8288 Bus Controller) coordinates activities on bus. It converts clock signal and CPU status into bus control signals. These control signals direct operations of data transceivers, latches and the I/O bus
2) Address latches: these are buffers for the address lines. They consider 2 reasons, fill the speed gap between the CPU and other devices; and permit the CPU pins to be utilized for other purposes.
3) Data transceivers: it is bidirectional data buffers
Interrupt processing: interrupt processing follows the below steps:
Once the external device recognizes the acknowledge, then it places the interrupt vector number on the data bus (through interrupt controller, in the case of IBM PC)
After the CPU receives the interrupt vector, it start the standard interrupt-initiation sequence: forming the interrupt vector address; then it is starting execution of the interrupt handler routine.
Instruction set of 8086 : The 8086/8088 instructions are categorized into the following major types. This section describes the function of each of the instructions with approp
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Typical link to modems for synchronous and asynchronous transmissions are shown in Figure. With regard to the synchronous connections it is consider that the timing is controlled
Modes of 8254 : Mode 0 (Interrupt on Terminal Count)-GATE which value is 1 enables counting and GATE which value is 0 disables counting, and GATE put not effect on
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8237 modes : Intel 8237 can be set to four different type of style of transfer: 1) Single - One transfer at a time, it allow processor access to the bus between transfers
I want to do a program as a game by using the Microcontroller 8051 with the assembly language, by using 4*4 keypad and its matrix display. I have to use the keypad for playing the
Addressing mode of 8086 : Addressing mode specify a way of locating operands or data. Depending on the data types used the memory addressing modes and in the instruction ,
Flag Register : 8086 has a 16-bit flag register which is divided into 2 parts, viz. (a)machine control flagsand (b)condition code or status flags. The condition code flag regi
SEG : Segment of a Label:- The SEG operator is which is used to decide the segment address of the, variable, label or procedure and substitutes the segment base address in plac
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