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UTL_FILE:
The Package UTL_FILE permits your PL/SQL programs to read & write operating system (OS) text files. It gives a restricted version of the standard OS stream file I/O, involving the open, put, get, and close operations. When you desire to read or write a text file, you call the function fopen that returns a file handle for use in consequent procedure calls. For illustration, the procedure put_line writes a text string and line terminator to an open file. The procedure get_line reads a line of the text from an open file into an output buffer.
The PL/SQL file I/O is accessible on both the client and server sides. Though, on the server side, the file access is constrained to those directories explicitly listed in the accessible directories list that is stored in the Oracle initialization file.
UTL_HTTP:
The Package UTL_HTTP permits your PL/SQL programs to make hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) callouts. It can recover data from the Internet or call Oracle Web Server cartridges. The package has 2 entry points, each of that accepts a uniform resource locator (URL) string, links the specified site, and returns the requested data, that is usually in the hypertext markup language (HTML) format.
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_divide then d
Using Aliases The Select-list items fetched from a cursor related with the %ROWTYPE should have simple names or, if they are expressions, should have aliases. In the example bel
Write a cursor to open an employee database and fetch the employee record whose age is greater than 45
Explicit Cursors The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns
Using a join on 3 tables, select 5 columns and 10 rows from the 3 tables without the use of a Cartesian product Query: SELECT E.LAST_NAME, E.FIRST_NAME, S.BUILDING, S.BRAN
Logical Connectives - SQL SQL's extended truth tables in which the symbol, for unknown, appears along with the usual T and F. Negation (NOT, ¬) Conjunction (
Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1; Select 5 columns and all rows from one table Query: SELECT C_ID, COMPANY, BUILDING, DEPARTMENT, BRANCH FROM CONTRACT;
How Bulk Binds Improve Performance The assigning of values to the PL/SQL variables in SQL statements is known as binding. The binding of the whole collection at once is know
Scoping Within the similar scope, all the declared identifiers should be unique. So, even if their datatypes differ, the variables and parameters cannot share the similar name.
Use the PLS_INTEGER Datatype When you require to declare an integer variable, use the datatype PLS_INTEGER that is the most efficient numeric type. That is as the PLS_INTEGER
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