Operation of micro controller, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Consider the hardware design as shown. Within the target system the EPROM would contain the hex data as shown below

  Address  Assembly code
  8000             86
  8001             fe
  8002             8b
  8003             01
.  .........
  FFFE             80
  FFFF             00
 
On power on the microprocessor issues a reset which causes the processor to go into an interrupt mode, because the interrupt is a reset, the microprocessor reads the two top bytes from memory i.e fffe and ffff. These are called the initial program counter RESET vectors. In this case the processor would then load in the 16 bit address 8000 and load this directly into the program counter (PC). This causes the processor to jump to address 8000 and start the actual program. The processor then reads the next byte from address 8000; this is 86 Hex and translates it to a load A instruction with immediate data where the data follows in the next byte. The PC is incremented by 1 i.e 8001 and fe in read in . This takes two cycles and termed the 'Fetch cycle'. The next stage is the microprocessor to perform the instruction i.e. transfer the data fe into A, this is termed the 'Execution cycle'. The whole cycle starts again, i.e. the PC is incremented to 8002 and the command 8b (ADDA) is fetched and interpreted as a ADDA, the PC in incremented to 8003 and the data is read in i.e. 1. The command is then executed and the next instruction read in at 8004 and so on. A day in the life of the micro controller is one of fetching and executing. The initial data in the EPROM at address fffe, ffff is termed the reset vector and is an reserved area of memory for the programmers (us) to place vector address i.e. start address of programs to deal with exceptions i.e.  Clock Fail, IRQ, Timer output, Serial communications etc.

The full vector table is shown  .Although we have not actually used the stack, the emulator which we use to debug hardware/software programs uses a small part of it , therefore it is important that we initialise the stack , therefore the full program for adding two numbers is shown below

                   Name     add
                   P6811
                  org $8000    ; Start address of program   
  main:       Lds #$1ff     ; Set SP to top of internal Ram
                 Ldaa  #$fe   
                 adda  #$1   
 loop0:      jmp loop0       ; loop forever
                 org $fffe
                 FDB main    ;Reset vectors
                END
The bold sections are termed assembler directives and are used to control the assembler; the simplest ones are ORG which stands for origin, i.e. start code at this address  , the P6811 indicates 68HC11 processor and END which tells the assembler to stop. FDB informs the assembler to insert a double byte i.e. 16 bits of the address labelled main i.e. 8000.


Related Discussions:- Operation of micro controller

What is artificial intelligence recognition, There are two goals to AI; the...

There are two goals to AI; the major one is to produce an artificial system that is about as good as or good than a human being at dealing with the actual world. The second goal is

Describe in brief the history of e-commerce, Describe in brief the history ...

Describe in brief the history of E-Commerce.  History of E-commerce. E-commerce started before personal computers were prevalent and has grown into a multi-billion d

What is clipboard, Clipboard is a temporary storage location in Windows. Th...

Clipboard is a temporary storage location in Windows. The clipart will kept one piece of information at a time when it is manually added to the clipart or is copied there.

Protocols and services on internet, To work with Internet as well as to uti...

To work with Internet as well as to utilize its facilities we use certain tools. For illustration, Telnet is a tool, which is utilized for logging on remote computers on the Intern

Explain the synchronous-transmission, A control character is sent at the be...

A control character is sent at the beginning as well as at the end of every block in the synchronous-transmission in order to  (A) Synchronize the clock of transmitter and rece

Standards used for development of a system, Q. Standards used for developme...

Q. Standards used for development of a system? Documentation standards: It must be an ongoing activity at the time of system development life cycle.  Quality Standards:

Explain what is meant by a bus, Question: (a) Comment on the general s...

Question: (a) Comment on the general structure of the IAS Computer, illustrate your answer using a diagram. (b) (i) Define CPU time. (a) (ii) A program runs in 10

Displaying a number, Displaying a number Supposing that two digit num...

Displaying a number Supposing that two digit number 59 is stored as number 5 in BH and number 9 in BL to convert them to equivalent ASCII we will add "0" to each one of them.

Shm, composition of two shm in right angles to each other to havingg time p...

composition of two shm in right angles to each other to havingg time period in the ratio 1:2

What is a breeder reactor, Q. What is a breeder reactor? 92 U 238 and...

Q. What is a breeder reactor? 92 U 238 and 90 Th 232 aren't fissile materials but are abundant in nature. In the reactor these are able to be converted into a fissile mater

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd