Operation of micro controller, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Consider the hardware design as shown. Within the target system the EPROM would contain the hex data as shown below

  Address  Assembly code
  8000             86
  8001             fe
  8002             8b
  8003             01
.  .........
  FFFE             80
  FFFF             00
 
On power on the microprocessor issues a reset which causes the processor to go into an interrupt mode, because the interrupt is a reset, the microprocessor reads the two top bytes from memory i.e fffe and ffff. These are called the initial program counter RESET vectors. In this case the processor would then load in the 16 bit address 8000 and load this directly into the program counter (PC). This causes the processor to jump to address 8000 and start the actual program. The processor then reads the next byte from address 8000; this is 86 Hex and translates it to a load A instruction with immediate data where the data follows in the next byte. The PC is incremented by 1 i.e 8001 and fe in read in . This takes two cycles and termed the 'Fetch cycle'. The next stage is the microprocessor to perform the instruction i.e. transfer the data fe into A, this is termed the 'Execution cycle'. The whole cycle starts again, i.e. the PC is incremented to 8002 and the command 8b (ADDA) is fetched and interpreted as a ADDA, the PC in incremented to 8003 and the data is read in i.e. 1. The command is then executed and the next instruction read in at 8004 and so on. A day in the life of the micro controller is one of fetching and executing. The initial data in the EPROM at address fffe, ffff is termed the reset vector and is an reserved area of memory for the programmers (us) to place vector address i.e. start address of programs to deal with exceptions i.e.  Clock Fail, IRQ, Timer output, Serial communications etc.

The full vector table is shown  .Although we have not actually used the stack, the emulator which we use to debug hardware/software programs uses a small part of it , therefore it is important that we initialise the stack , therefore the full program for adding two numbers is shown below

                   Name     add
                   P6811
                  org $8000    ; Start address of program   
  main:       Lds #$1ff     ; Set SP to top of internal Ram
                 Ldaa  #$fe   
                 adda  #$1   
 loop0:      jmp loop0       ; loop forever
                 org $fffe
                 FDB main    ;Reset vectors
                END
The bold sections are termed assembler directives and are used to control the assembler; the simplest ones are ORG which stands for origin, i.e. start code at this address  , the P6811 indicates 68HC11 processor and END which tells the assembler to stop. FDB informs the assembler to insert a double byte i.e. 16 bits of the address labelled main i.e. 8000.


Related Discussions:- Operation of micro controller

Explain frequency division multiplexing, Explain FDM and show how CCITT sta...

Explain FDM and show how CCITT standards help in building the base band? Frequency Division Multiplexing: This is the process of combining some information channels through s

Granularity and , Granularity In parallel computing, granularity is a ...

Granularity In parallel computing, granularity is a important measure of the ratio of computation to communication. Coarse Granularity: relatively huge amounts of computa

In a for loop, In a for loop, if the condition is missing, then, It is s...

In a for loop, if the condition is missing, then, It is supposed to be present and taken to be true.

Explain the method to identify the object classes, Explain the method to id...

Explain the method to identify the Object Classes You would always be careful while identifying relevant object classes from application domain. Objects may include physical e

What is hashing, What is Hashing? Hashing: Hashing gives the direct acc...

What is Hashing? Hashing: Hashing gives the direct access of record from the file no matter where the record is in the file. This is possible with the help of a hashing functio

Duplicating processes, DUPLICATING PROCESSES : As we mentioned earlier dup...

DUPLICATING PROCESSES : As we mentioned earlier duplicating is a process whereby a master copy is prepared from which a large number of other copies are obtained with the help of

Embedded systems and the system in which rtos is running, Explain What is t...

Explain What is the difference among embedded systems and the system in which RTOS is running? Ans) Embedded system can have RTOS and cannot have also. It depends on the requi

What do you meant by an expert system, (a) What do you meant by an Expert S...

(a) What do you meant by an Expert System (ES) and explain briefly the essential differences between a Decision Support system and ES. (b) What are decision tables and what are

How can i make text in a cell display in multiple lines, When entering word...

When entering word into the cell, press Alt-Enter to insert a line break. When you do so, Excel will automatically give text wrapping to the cell. To reformat existing cells s

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd