Operation of micro controller, Computer Engineering

Assignment Help:

Consider the hardware design as shown. Within the target system the EPROM would contain the hex data as shown below

  Address  Assembly code
  8000             86
  8001             fe
  8002             8b
  8003             01
.  .........
  FFFE             80
  FFFF             00
 
On power on the microprocessor issues a reset which causes the processor to go into an interrupt mode, because the interrupt is a reset, the microprocessor reads the two top bytes from memory i.e fffe and ffff. These are called the initial program counter RESET vectors. In this case the processor would then load in the 16 bit address 8000 and load this directly into the program counter (PC). This causes the processor to jump to address 8000 and start the actual program. The processor then reads the next byte from address 8000; this is 86 Hex and translates it to a load A instruction with immediate data where the data follows in the next byte. The PC is incremented by 1 i.e 8001 and fe in read in . This takes two cycles and termed the 'Fetch cycle'. The next stage is the microprocessor to perform the instruction i.e. transfer the data fe into A, this is termed the 'Execution cycle'. The whole cycle starts again, i.e. the PC is incremented to 8002 and the command 8b (ADDA) is fetched and interpreted as a ADDA, the PC in incremented to 8003 and the data is read in i.e. 1. The command is then executed and the next instruction read in at 8004 and so on. A day in the life of the micro controller is one of fetching and executing. The initial data in the EPROM at address fffe, ffff is termed the reset vector and is an reserved area of memory for the programmers (us) to place vector address i.e. start address of programs to deal with exceptions i.e.  Clock Fail, IRQ, Timer output, Serial communications etc.

The full vector table is shown  .Although we have not actually used the stack, the emulator which we use to debug hardware/software programs uses a small part of it , therefore it is important that we initialise the stack , therefore the full program for adding two numbers is shown below

                   Name     add
                   P6811
                  org $8000    ; Start address of program   
  main:       Lds #$1ff     ; Set SP to top of internal Ram
                 Ldaa  #$fe   
                 adda  #$1   
 loop0:      jmp loop0       ; loop forever
                 org $fffe
                 FDB main    ;Reset vectors
                END
The bold sections are termed assembler directives and are used to control the assembler; the simplest ones are ORG which stands for origin, i.e. start code at this address  , the P6811 indicates 68HC11 processor and END which tells the assembler to stop. FDB informs the assembler to insert a double byte i.e. 16 bits of the address labelled main i.e. 8000.


Related Discussions:- Operation of micro controller

What are concentrators, What are concentrators? Explain how it helps in con...

What are concentrators? Explain how it helps in connecting number of subscribers. In rural areas, subscribers are usually dispersed. This is both unessential and expensive to g

Remote-load latency problem, Remote-load Latency Problem:  When one process...

Remote-load Latency Problem:  When one processor requires some remote loading of data by other nodes, then the processor need to wait for these two remote load operations. The long

Binary floating-point number range, Q. Binary floating-point number range? ...

Q. Binary floating-point number range? Smallest Negative number   Maximum mantissa and maximum exponent     =    - (1 -2 -24 ) × 2 127   Largest negative number

Give brief explanation about the keyboards, Give brief explanation about th...

Give brief explanation about the keyboards Keyboards are generally not offered as the number of options is limited and owners of the system do not want customers keying in info

Explain characteristics of the artificial neural networks, Question 1: ...

Question 1: Explain in detail the characteristics of the following artificial neural networks. (a) Recurrent Neural Networks. (b) Self-organising Mapping Neural Networks.

What are the types of data warehouses, What are the types of data warehouse...

What are the types of data warehouses? Various types of data warehouses are illustrated below: a) Financial Data Warehouses b) Insurance Data Warehouses c) Human Resou

Delete command, When the user is inputting commands into your shell, it sho...

When the user is inputting commands into your shell, it should properly handle delete and backspace. When one of these characters is detected, you will need to remove one character

Group cells in a layout table, Now you will put navigation button cells you...

Now you will put navigation button cells you just created into a single table. Grouping cells into a table enables you to control cell spacing and to easily move the cells as a gro

What are the factors determine the control signals, What are the factors de...

What are the factors determine the control signals? Contents of the control step counter Contents of the instruction register Contents of the condition code flag

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd