Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Factorization theorem, The theorem relating structure of the likelihood to ...

The theorem relating structure of the likelihood to the concept of the sufficient statistic. Officially the necessary and sufficient condition which a statistic S be sufficient for

Explain response surface methodology (rsm), Response surface methodology (R...

Response surface methodology (RSM): The collection of the statistical and mathematical methods useful for improving, developing, and optimizing processes with significant applicat

Statistics, cholscores Treatment income ($000) Patient ID low Income? ...

cholscores Treatment income ($000) Patient ID low Income? 0.6 Old 21.3 2 Yes 0.17 Old 27.2 13 Yes 0.69 New 27.1 16 Yes 1.09 Old 94.8

Multimodal distribution, what is pdf,mean & variance for multimodal distrib...

what is pdf,mean & variance for multimodal distribution?

Confidence profile method, Confidence profile method : A Bayesian approach ...

Confidence profile method : A Bayesian approach to meta-analysis in which the information in each piece of the evidence is captured in the likelihood function which is then used al

Generaliz ability theory, The theory of measurement which recognizes that i...

The theory of measurement which recognizes that in any measurement situation there are multiple (actually infinite) sources of variation (known as facets in the theory), and that a

Bayesian confidence interval, Bayesian confidence interval : An interval of...

Bayesian confidence interval : An interval of the posterior distribution which is so that the density of it at any point inside the interval is greater than that of the density at

Describe ignorability., Ignorability : The missing data mechanism is said t...

Ignorability : The missing data mechanism is said to be ignorable for likelihood inference if (1) the joint likelihood for the responses of the interest and missing data indicators

Adjusted r-squared, R-squared is regarded as the coefficient of determinati...

R-squared is regarded as the coefficient of determination and is used to give the proportion of the fluctuation of the variance of one variable to another variable. R-squared also

Breusch-pagan test, The Null Hypothesis - H0:  There is no heteroscedastici...

The Null Hypothesis - H0:  There is no heteroscedasticity i.e. β 1 = 0 The Alternative Hypothesis - H1:  There is heteroscedasticity i.e. β 1 0 Reject H0 if Q = ESS/2  >

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd