Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Case Study: Test Market, You and your team have been hired as strategic con...

You and your team have been hired as strategic consultants by the hugely successful retailer known as “Cutie Pie”. The company sells many products, although one product in particul

Explain lancaster models., Lancaster models : The means of representing the...

Lancaster models : The means of representing the joint distribution of the set of variables in terms of the marginal distributions, supposing all the interactions higher than a par

White''s general heteroscedasticity test, The Null Hypothesis - H0:  γ 1 =...

The Null Hypothesis - H0:  γ 1 = γ 2 = ...  =  0  i.e.  there is no heteroscedasticity in the model The Alternative Hypothesis - H1:  at least one of the γ i 's are not equal

Explain Genetic algorithms, Genetic algorithms: The optimization events mo...

Genetic algorithms: The optimization events motivated by the biological analogies. The prime idea is to try to mimic the 'survival of the fittest' rule of the genetic mutation in

EDUC 606, The GRE has a combined verbal and quantitative mean of 1000 and a...

The GRE has a combined verbal and quantitative mean of 1000 and a standard deviation of 200.

Lipstick Dilemma, For a career woman, wearing lipstick has become an integr...

For a career woman, wearing lipstick has become an integral part of her daily life. It is not unusual for a woman to look for a lipstick that will stay on her lips and not smudge

Mendelian randomization, Mendelian randomization is the term applied to th...

Mendelian randomization is the term applied to the random assortment of alleles at the time of gamete formation, a process which results in the population distributions of genetic

Determine the maximum amount of the commodity, A manufacturing company has ...

A manufacturing company has two factories F 1 and F 2 producing a certain commodity that is required at three retail outlets M 1 , M 2 and M 3 . Once produced, the commodity is

Explain randomized response technique, Randomized response technique : The ...

Randomized response technique : The procedure for collecting the information on sensitive issues by means of the survey, in which an element of chance is introduced as to what quer

Ordered alternative hypothesis, Ordered alternative hypothesis is a hypoth...

Ordered alternative hypothesis is a hypothesis or assumption which speci?es an order for the set of parameters of interest as an alternative to the equality, rather than simply th

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd