Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Causality, Causality: The relating of the reasons to the effects they prod...

Causality: The relating of the reasons to the effects they produce. Several investigations in medicine seek to establish the causal relations between the events, for instance, whi

T test , How do I report the results in the table?

How do I report the results in the table?

Prevented fraction, Prevented fraction is a measure which can be used to a...

Prevented fraction is a measure which can be used to attribute the protection against the disease directly to an intervention. The measure can given by the proportion of disease w

Baddeley''smetric, Baddeley'smetric : A manner of measuring the 'error' in ...

Baddeley'smetric : A manner of measuring the 'error' in the image processing technique or method. The metric is derived using the fundamental theory from the stochastic geometry an

Expert systems, The computer programs designed to mimic the role of the exp...

The computer programs designed to mimic the role of the expert human consultant. This type of systems are capable to cope with the complex problems of the medical decision makin

Homework and Assignment assistance for RES610 Course, Interested in 10 hour...

Interested in 10 hour program with twice a week tutoring for 1 hour each. Need tutor to assist with answering the assignment questions for the next 5 weeks.

Quantitative Analysis for Management Chapter 4, 4-13. Students in a manage...

4-13. Students in a management science class have just received their grades on the first test. The instructor has provided information about the first test grades in some previou

Coplot, This is the powerful visualization tool for studying how the respon...

This is the powerful visualization tool for studying how the response relies on an explanatory variable given the values of other explanatory variables. The plot comprises of a num

Minimization, Minimization is the method or technique for allocating patie...

Minimization is the method or technique for allocating patients to the treatments in clinical trials which is usually the acceptable alternative to random allocation. The procedur

Forest plot, A name sometimes given to the type of diagram generally used i...

A name sometimes given to the type of diagram generally used in meta-analysis, in which point estimates and confidence intervals are displayed for all the studies included in the a

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd