Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Math, A standard IQ test has a mean of 98 and a standard deviation of 16. W...

A standard IQ test has a mean of 98 and a standard deviation of 16. We want to be 99% certain that we are within 8 IQ points of the true mean. Determine the sample size

Hypothesis testing paper, Prepare a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you...

Prepare a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you formulate a hypothesis based on your selected research issue, problem, or opportunity. Address the following: •Describe your sele

Central tendency, explain the graphical method of measure of central tenden...

explain the graphical method of measure of central tendency

Explain intervention analysis in time series, Intervention analysis in time...

Intervention analysis in time series : The extension of the autoregressive integrated moving average models applied to time series permitting for the study of the magnitude and str

Describe prior distribution, Prior distributions : The probability distribu...

Prior distributions : The probability distributions which summarize the information about a random variable or parameter known or supposed at a given time instant, prior to attaini

frequentist inference, The approach to statistics based on a frequency vie...

The approach to statistics based on a frequency view of probability in which it is supposed that it is possible to consider an in?nite sequence of the independent repetitions of th

Lipstick Dilemma, For a career woman, wearing lipstick has become an integr...

For a career woman, wearing lipstick has become an integral part of her daily life. It is not unusual for a woman to look for a lipstick that will stay on her lips and not smudge o

Higher criticism, Higher criticism is a multiple-comparison test concept a...

Higher criticism is a multiple-comparison test concept arising from the situation where there are number of independent tests of significance and interest lies in the rejecting jo

Explain information theory., Information theory: This is the branch of app...

Information theory: This is the branch of applied probability theory applicable to various communication and signal processing problems in the field of engineering and biology. In

Evidence-based medicine (ebm), Described by the leading proponent as 'the c...

Described by the leading proponent as 'the conscientious, explicit, and judicious uses of present best evidence in making the decisions about the care of individual patients, and

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd