Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Adjusted r-squared, R-squared is regarded as the coefficient of determinati...

R-squared is regarded as the coefficient of determination and is used to give the proportion of the fluctuation of the variance of one variable to another variable. R-squared also

Barnard, Barnard, George Alfred (1915^2002) : Born in Walthamstow in the ea...

Barnard, George Alfred (1915^2002) : Born in Walthamstow in the east of London, Barnard achieved a scholarship to St. John's College, Cambridge, from where he graduated in the math

Implementation of huffman coding, Input to the compress is a text le with a...

Input to the compress is a text le with arbitrary size, but for this assignment we will assume that the data structure of the file fits in the main memory of a computer. Output of

Observation-driven model, Observation-driven model  is a term generally a...

Observation-driven model  is a term generally applied to models for the longitudinal data or time series which introduce within the unit correlation by specifying the conditional

Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics : Essentially the application of the informa...

Bioinformatics : Essentially the application of the information theory to biology to deal with the deluge of the information resulting from the advances in molecular biology. The m

Define non linear mapping (nlm), Non linear mapping (NLM ) is a technique f...

Non linear mapping (NLM ) is a technique for obtaining a low-dimensional representation of the set of multivariate data, which operates by minimizing a function of the differences

What is harris and stevens forecasting, Harris and Stevens forecasting is ...

Harris and Stevens forecasting is the method of making short term forecasts in the time series which is subject to abrupt changes in pattern and the transient effects. Instances o

Computer-aided diagnosis, Computer-aided diagnosis : The computer programs ...

Computer-aided diagnosis : The computer programs which are designed to support clinical decision making. In common, such systems are based on the repeated application of the Bay

Mortality odds ratio, Mortality odds ratio  is the ratio equivalent to the ...

Mortality odds ratio  is the ratio equivalent to the odds ratio used in case-control studies where the equivalent of the cases are deaths from the cause of interest and the equival

White''s general heteroscedasticity test, The Null Hypothesis - H0:  γ 1 =...

The Null Hypothesis - H0:  γ 1 = γ 2 = ...  =  0  i.e.  there is no heteroscedasticity in the model The Alternative Hypothesis - H1:  at least one of the γ i 's are not equal

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd