Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Product-limit estimator, Product-limit estimator is a method for estimatin...

Product-limit estimator is a method for estimating the survival functions for the set of survival times, some of which might be censored observations. The logic behind the procedu

Disease clusters, An unusual aggregation of the health events, real or perc...

An unusual aggregation of the health events, real or perceived. The events might be grouped in the particular region or in some short period of time, or they might happen among the

Distance sampling, The technique of sampling used in the ecology for determ...

The technique of sampling used in the ecology for determining how much plants or animals are in a given fixed region. A set of randomly placed lines or points is recognized and the

Z-tests, Hello! I am currently in graduate school earning a masters in ment...

Hello! I am currently in graduate school earning a masters in mental health counseling. I am in a stats course at current and we are reviewing z-scores. I am a little lost because

TIME SERIES, moving and semi average method graphical reprsentation

moving and semi average method graphical reprsentation

Change point problems, Change point problems : Problems with chronologicall...

Change point problems : Problems with chronologically ordered data collected over the period during which there is known to have been a change in the underlying data generation cou

Describe prior distribution, Prior distributions : The probability distribu...

Prior distributions : The probability distributions which summarize the information about a random variable or parameter known or supposed at a given time instant, prior to attaini

Explain historical controls, Historical controls : The group of patients tr...

Historical controls : The group of patients treated in the past with the standard therapy, taken in use as the control group for evaluating the new treatment on the present patient

Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram, The number of employees absent from work...

The number of employees absent from work at a large electronics manufacturing plant over aperiod of 106 days is given in the table below. 146 141 139 140 145 141 142 131 142 140

Calibration, Calibration : A procedure which enables a series of simply obt...

Calibration : A procedure which enables a series of simply obtainable but inaccurate measurements of some quantity of interest to be used to provide more precise estimates of the r

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd