Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

L''abbe ´ plot, L'Abbe ´ plot is often used in the meta-analysis of the cl...

L'Abbe ´ plot is often used in the meta-analysis of the clinical trials where the result is the binary response of it. The event risk (number of events/number of the patients in a

Weighted least squares, Weighted least squares  is the method of estimation...

Weighted least squares  is the method of estimation in which the estimates arise from minimizing the weighted sum of squares of the differences between response variable and its pr

Omitted covariates, Omitted covariates is a term generally found in the co...

Omitted covariates is a term generally found in the connection with regression modelling, where the model has been incompletely specified by not including significant covariates.

Intra Class Correlation, Can I use ICC for this kind of data? Wind Month ...

Can I use ICC for this kind of data? Wind Month Day Temp(DV) 7.4 5 1 67 8 5 2 72 12.6 5 3 74 11.5 5 4 62 I am taking temp as the dependent variable. There are many more values.

Regression discontinuity design, Regression discontinuity design is the qu...

Regression discontinuity design is the quasi-experimental design in which participants in, for instance, an intervention study, are assigned to the treatment and control groups on

K-means cluster analysis, K-means cluster analysis is the method of cluste...

K-means cluster analysis is the method of cluster analysis in which from an initial partition of observations into K clusters, each observation in turn is analysed and reassigned,

Statistical methods with financial applications, The marketing manager of H...

The marketing manager of Handy Foods Ltd. is concerned with the sales appeal of one of the company's present label for one of its products. Market research indicates that supermark

Latent class analysis, Latent class analysis is a technique of assessing w...

Latent class analysis is a technique of assessing whether the set of observations including q categorical variables, in specific, binary variables, consists of the number of diffe

Geographical analysis machine, Geographical analysis machine is the proced...

Geographical analysis machine is the procedure designed to detect the clusters of rare diseases in a particular area. Circles of fixed radii are created at each point of the squar

Degrees of freedom, A vague concept which occurs all through statistics. Es...

A vague concept which occurs all through statistics. Essentially the term means the number of independent units of the information in an easy relevant to the estimation of the para

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd