Normal distribution, Advanced Statistics

Assignment Help:

Your first task is to realize two additional data generation functions. Firstly, extend the system to generate random integral numbers based on normal distribution. You need to study Data Generator's structure and extend number generation type to activate normal distribution. The interface needs to obtain both mean and sigma as shown in Figure 1. Consider the code found here which is reproduced below for your convenience:
function gauss() {
// N(0,1)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=0
// std dev=1

// auxiliary vars
$x=random_0_1();
$y=random_0_1();
// two independent variables with normal distribution N(0,1)
$u=sqrt(-2*log($x))*cos(2*pi()*$y);
$v=sqrt(-2*log($x))*sin(2*pi()*$y);
// i will return only one, couse only one needed
return $u;
}
function gauss_ms($m=0.0,$s=1.0) {
// N(m,s)
// returns random number with normal distribution:
// mean=m
// std dev=s
return gauss()*$s+$m;
}
function random_0_1() {
// auxiliary function
// returns random number with flat distribution from 0 to 1
return (float)rand()/(float)getrandmax();
}
Notice that the return value of the above code is a floating value. You can round it to nearest integer by adding a "rounding option" to the interface.

773_normal distribution.png

Figure: Functions added to Data Generator

Next, realize one form of skewed distribution that approximates Pareto Principle. Consider a skewed access pattern often evidenced in data applications such that s percent of accesses would go to (100 - s) percent of data items. For instance, a typical "80-20 rule" for 1000 accesses over 500 data items means that about 800 accesses (80% of accesses) go to a specific set of about 100 items (20% of data items). In our case, data generation should be based on independent repeated trials, not as all trials once in a batch. Therefore, implementing strict Pareto Principle is difficult. Instead, we can approximate access pattern generation by the following method:

• skew generation function receives a range r and a skew factor s as parameter, both of which are integers and r must be larger 1 while s must be between 50 and 100.

• data elements are considered to have unique IDs in the range [1, r], in which elements are listed in an increasing order of IDs such as 1, 2, 3, ..., r.

• skew generation function produces an integer value between 1 and r representing a data access in the following manner:

1. skewed access will go to the top portion of the elements, that is, those between 1 and t = r × (100 - s) / 100.

2. draw a random number p from uniform distribution between 0 and 99.

3. if p falls in less than s, i.e., [0, s - 1], the top portion of elements [1, t] is accessed.

4. otherwise the access goes to [t + 1, r].

Above illustration should be sufficient to provide you with the concrete requirement for the two frequently utilized data generation. Figure 1 and 2 shows interface and sample output respectively. In these figures, rounding to integer is applied automatically. A checkbox should be added to the interface so that users can choose whether values generated are rounded or not. Notice that this development is not from scratch, but is "reverse engineering" of already developed product. Addition of the above functions to Data Generator is easily done. You should look into the contents of docs/data_types.php.

2439_normal distribution1.png

Figure: Generated data example


Related Discussions:- Normal distribution

Naor''s distribution, Naor's distribution is the discrete probability dist...

Naor's distribution is the discrete probability distribution which arises from the following model; Assume an urn contains n balls of which one is red and the remainder is whit

Matching, Matching is the method of making a study group and a comparison ...

Matching is the method of making a study group and a comparison group comparable with respect to the extraneous factors. Generally used in the retrospective studies when selecting

General household survey, It is the survey which is carried out in Great Br...

It is the survey which is carried out in Great Britain on a continuous basis since 1971. About 100 000 households are included in this sample every year. The main goal of the surve

EDUC 606, The GRE has a combined verbal and quantitative mean of 1000 and a...

The GRE has a combined verbal and quantitative mean of 1000 and a standard deviation of 200.

Design matrix, It is used generally for the matrix which specifies a statis...

It is used generally for the matrix which specifies a statistical model for a set of observations. For instance, in a one-way design with the three observations in one group, tw

Correlation matrix, Correlation matrix : A square, symmetric matrix with th...

Correlation matrix : A square, symmetric matrix with the rows and columns corresponding to the variables, in which the non diagonal elements are correlations between the pairs of t

Paired samples, Paired samples are the two samples of the observations wit...

Paired samples are the two samples of the observations with the characteristic feature with each of the observation in one sample have only one matching observation in the other s

Mosaic displays, Mosaic displays  is the graphical display of the standardi...

Mosaic displays  is the graphical display of the standardized residuals from the fitting a log-linear model to a contingency table in which the colour and outline of the mosaic's '

TIME SERIES, moving and semi average method graphical reprsentation

moving and semi average method graphical reprsentation

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd