Non-viral vectors, Biology

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Non-viral vectors 

Viral vectors are highly efficient but when it comes to large scale production at the commercial level, non-viral serve as a better choice. These methods produce low immunogenic response and hence are also considered to be safe. With the recent advancement in this area the efficiency of transfection has also improved (Anderson, N.D). The best examples of non viral vectors include:

  • Naked DNA: Plasmid DNA is the best example of naked DNA whose structure is simple and commercial production is relatively cheap. They get easily incorporated into the host genome and do not produce immune response. This naked DNA is directly injected into the desired cells (Gould and Favorov, 2003).

Apart from these few other non viral methods include, the use of DNA complexing reagents, liposomes etc.

Table 1: A table showing comparison of vectors (Gould and Favorov, 2003, Table 1)

Vector

Transgene capacity

Immunogenicity

Genome integration

Long-term expression

Transfer into dividing (D) and quiesent (Q) cells

Plasmid-naked

Unlimited

Low

No

Only in muscle

D and Q

Plasmid-complexed

Unlimited

Low

No

No

D and Q

Ad 1st generation

5 kb

High

No

No

D and Q

Ad 2nd generation

8 kb

High

No

No

D and Q

Ad gutless

37 kb

Less

No

Longer

D and Q

AAV

4 kb

High

Yes and episomal

Yes

D and Q

HSV

35 kb

High

No

Yes

D and Q

Retrovirus

Up to 8 kb

Low

Yes

Yes

D

Lentivirus

Up to 8 kb

Low

Yes

Yes

D and Q


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