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Name ResolutionIn potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g. the DELETE statement removes all the employees from the emp table, not just ’KING’, as Oracle suppose that both enames in the WHERE clause refer to thedatabase column:DECLAREename VARCHAR2(10) := ’KING’;BEGINDELETE FROM emp WHERE ename = ename;In such cases, to avoid the uncertainty, prefix the names of the local variables and formal parameters with my_, as shown below:DECLAREmy_ename VARCHAR2(10);Or, use a block label to qualify references, as in<>DECLAREename VARCHAR2(10) := ’KING’;BEGINDELETE FROM emp WHERE ename = main.ename;The next illustration shows that you can use a subprogram name to qualify references to a local variables and formal parameters:FUNCTION bonus (deptno IN NUMBER, ...) RETURN REAL ISjob CHAR(10);BEGINSELECT ... WHERE deptno = bonus.deptno AND job = bonus.job;
Operator Precedence The operations within an expression are completed in a particular order depending on their precedence (priority). The table shows the default order of the op
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Write a query to find academics that are authors and that have only ever coauthored papers with authors from institutes in the same state as their own. List their academic number,
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which performs a specific action. You write procedures using the syntax as shown below: PROCEDURE name [(parameter[, parameter, .
Use the MASCOT tables CREDITRS, PORDS and PAYMENTS to write SQL queries to solve the following business problems. These tables / data are available to you via the USQ Oracle server
Parameter and Keyword Description: cursor_name: This identifies an explicit cursor formerly declared within the present scope. cursor_variable_name: These identif
set serveroutput on declare a number(5); b number(5); c number(5); begin a:=&a; b:=&b; c:=a/b; dbms_output.put_line(c); exception when zero_divide then d
Using Operator DEREF: You cannot navigate through refs within the PL/SQL procedural statements. Rather than, you should use the operator DEREF in the SQL statement. The DEREF
Data Types in SQL - Timestamp TIMESTAMP for values representing points in time on a specified uniform scale. DATE is used for timestamps on a scale of one day, such as DATE '2
%FOUND Subsequent to a cursor or cursor variable is opened but before the first fetch, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, it yields TRUE when the last fetch returned a row, or
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