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Name ResolutionIn potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g. the DELETE statement removes all the employees from the emp table, not just ’KING’, as Oracle suppose that both enames in the WHERE clause refer to thedatabase column:DECLAREename VARCHAR2(10) := ’KING’;BEGINDELETE FROM emp WHERE ename = ename;In such cases, to avoid the uncertainty, prefix the names of the local variables and formal parameters with my_, as shown below:DECLAREmy_ename VARCHAR2(10);Or, use a block label to qualify references, as in<>DECLAREename VARCHAR2(10) := ’KING’;BEGINDELETE FROM emp WHERE ename = main.ename;The next illustration shows that you can use a subprogram name to qualify references to a local variables and formal parameters:FUNCTION bonus (deptno IN NUMBER, ...) RETURN REAL ISjob CHAR(10);BEGINSELECT ... WHERE deptno = bonus.deptno AND job = bonus.job;
Aggregate Operators SQL Supports all of the aggregate operators mentioned in the theory book and many more besides. The syntax, however, involves an unusual trick that SQL cal
Example of EXCEPT Operator - SQL Example, like its counterpart in the theory book, illustrates the convenience of allowing any table expression to be the source for an INSERT
Opening a Cursor Variable The OPEN-FOR statement relates a cursor variable with the multi-row query, executes the query, and then identifies the result set. The syntax for ope
Write a program to implement the inverted file shown in the slides (Simple Index file, LabelID file and Data file). Use the Avail_List to point at the deleted Label IDs so that th
BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
Indeterminacy in SQL Some SQL expressions are actually not function invocations at all in the mathematical sense, being indeterminate-invocations operating on identical input
Parameter and Keyword Description: package_name: This construct identifies the package. AUTHID Clause: This determine whether all the packaged subprograms impleme
Count Operator in SQL Example: Counting the students who have scored more than 50 in some exam (SELECT COUNT (*) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT StudentId FROM EXAM_MARK WHE
Iteration Schemes The bounds of a loop range can be variables, literals, variables, or expressions but must compute to integers. Below are some of the examples. As you can see t
%TYPE Attribute The %TYPE attribute gives the datatype of a record, field, nested table, database column, or the variable. You can use the %TYPE attribute as the datatype speci
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