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Name ResolutionIn potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g. the DELETE statement removes all the employees from the emp table, not just ’KING’, as Oracle suppose that both enames in the WHERE clause refer to thedatabase column:DECLAREename VARCHAR2(10) := ’KING’;BEGINDELETE FROM emp WHERE ename = ename;In such cases, to avoid the uncertainty, prefix the names of the local variables and formal parameters with my_, as shown below:DECLAREmy_ename VARCHAR2(10);Or, use a block label to qualify references, as in<>DECLAREename VARCHAR2(10) := ’KING’;BEGINDELETE FROM emp WHERE ename = main.ename;The next illustration shows that you can use a subprogram name to qualify references to a local variables and formal parameters:FUNCTION bonus (deptno IN NUMBER, ...) RETURN REAL ISjob CHAR(10);BEGINSELECT ... WHERE deptno = bonus.deptno AND job = bonus.job;
Substitution and Instantiation - SQL It shows how NULL might appear in substitution for a parameter of a predicate and how it might thus participate in instantiation of that p
i have an assignment of DBMS subject, this assignment is based on SQL server and power BI
DECLARE : This keyword signals the beginning of the declarative section of the PL/SQL block, that contains local declarations. The Items declared locally exist only within the
Example of Alternative formulation as a table constraint Example: Alternative formulation as a table constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Must_be_enrolled_to_
Information Hiding With the information hiding, you see only the details that are significant at a given level of algorithm and data structure design. The Information hiding
WHILE-LOOP The WHILE-LOOP statement relates a condition with the series of statements enclosed by the keywords LOOP and END LOOP, as shown: WHILE condition LOOP sequence_of_sta
Cursor FOR Loops In most cases that need an explicit cursor, you can simplify the coding by using a cursor FOR loop rather of the OPEN, FETCH, and CLOSE statements. A cursor FO
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
Expressions An expression is a randomly complex combination of the constants, variables, literals, operators, & function calls. The simplest expression is the single variabl
THEO R Y OF PANSPERMIA - Arrhenius (1908) postulated the cosmic panspermia theory that claims that organisms existed throughout the universe, and their spores, etc., could
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