Myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling, Biology

Assignment Help:

The long term adaptive mechanisms involve myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling which occurs slowly over weeks to months.

The capacity of these adaptive mechanisms meant to sustain cardiac performance is not infinite and over a period of time maladaption sets in. Short term effects are mainly adaptive and occur in acute heart failure whereas long term effects are mainly deleterious and occur in chronic heart failure. For example, salt and water retention augments preload as short-term effect but causes pulmonary congestion and edema in the long term. Vasoconstriction helps to maintain blood pressure and perfusion of vital organs but it aggravates pump dysfunction by increasing afterload. Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate and stroke volume but also increases energy expenditure. Hypertrophy helps to unload individual muscle fibers but leads to death of cardiac cells and cardiomyopathy of overload.

Sympathetic Activity

In heart failure there is adrenergic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal. This results in increase in myocardial contractility, tachycardia, sodium retention, renin release and generalized vasoconstriction.


Related Discussions:- Myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling

Meaning of cellular secretion, Cell secretion is the elimination to the ext...

Cell secretion is the elimination to the exterior of substances formed by the cell (for example, hormones, mucous, sweat, etc.)

How can you convert 147.05mg%, How do you convert 147.05mg% of plasma gluco...

How do you convert 147.05mg% of plasma glucose to mM/L please show work.

Caruncle - seed appendages, Caruncle - Seed Appendages This is a white...

Caruncle - Seed Appendages This is a white, collar-like structure borne on the micropylar end of the seed in many members of the Euphorbiaceae, such as castor, Ricinus communi

Define prevalence and incidence for anorexia nervosa, Define Prevalence and...

Define Prevalence and Incidence for anorexia nervosa? The disorder occurs most commonly in adolescent girls and young women, but adolescent boys and young men may be affected m

Burrowing - mechanics of locomotion, Burrowing - Mechanics of Locomotion ...

Burrowing - Mechanics of Locomotion Some polychaetes are burrowing. Instance is glycerides and capitellidae. Their parapodia are smaller. Burrowing is done by protrusion of pr

What do you mean by osteichthyes and condrichthyes, Q. From which features ...

Q. From which features do osteichthyes and condrichthyes get these names? "Chondros" means cartilage, "ictis" means fish (both from the Greek) the name chondrichtians is for fi

Chlamydiosis-prevention and control, Prevention and control The organism i...

Prevention and control The organism is sensitive to penicillin, tetracycline and other broad-spectrum antibiotics. Newer generation drugs are being used for the treatment of affec

Difference between myosin and actin filaments, DIFFERENCE S BETWEEN MYOSIN...

DIFFERENCE S BETWEEN MYOSIN AND ACTIN FILAMENTS     Myosin filaments (primary filaments)   Actinfilament s (secondary filaments)

Cnidarian, what process are nematocysts formed by the cnidoblast?

what process are nematocysts formed by the cnidoblast?

Explain the term - neurochemical manipulations, Explain the term - Neuroche...

Explain the term - Neurochemical Manipulations Neurochemical and immunological methods have been used to identify groups of neurons in the central nervous system that use speci

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd