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Mention the type of constraints we can specify in the CREATE command of DDL.
The type of constraints that can be specified are as follows:-
PRIMARY KEY, NOT NULL, UNIQUE, FOREIGN KEY, CHECK.
What is data integrity? Ans: It is the data consisted of in database that is accurate and consistent. (Data integrity means that the data should be valid as per to the give
what is Lossless-join decomposition
Problem 1. Describe the following a) Advantages of Database Systems b) Functions of a DBMS Explanation of part (a) and (b) 2. Explain the following concepts w
If the deletion violates referential integrity constraint, then three alternatives are available: Default option: - refuse the deletion. It is the job of the DBMS to describ
what is natural join?
What is the use of Union and intersection operation? Union: The result of this operation contains all tuples that are either in r1 or in r2 or in both r1 and r2.Duplicate tuple
What is view in SQL? How is it defined? Any relation that is not part of the logical model, but is made visible to a user as a virtual relation is known as a view. We descri
Process-oriented decompositions Process-oriented decompositions divide complex process, task or function into simpler sub processes until they get simple enough to be deal
What are the advantages and disadvantages of merging an association into a class? Advantages: i) Less number of tables ii) Faster performance due to the fewer tables
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
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