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Applications allocate memory in terms of the number of bytes that they need, but this level of granularity is too ?ne-grained for the operating system to manage the system memory in this way. Instead, the OS manages the memory in groups of bytes called pages. Pages are typically of 4kb or 8kb. Suppose we decide to use 4kb pages; in a 32-bit machine, it is possible to address at most 232 different addresses; if we divide that maximum amount of memory by the size of the page, we see that there can be at most 232 / 212 = 220 4kb pages.
What is critical section? Every process has a segment code called the critical section, in which the process may be updating tables, changing variables, writing file and etc. W
Page fault is a trap to the software gained by the hardware when a process accesses a page that is goes in the virtual address space, but not added in physical memory. In the har
Q. In following Section we mentioned that disabling interrupts frequently could affect the system's clock. Describe why it could and how such effects could be minimized.
KERNEL-LEVEL THREADS (KLT) In this level every thread management is done by kernel .No thread library except an API system calls to the kernel thread facility exists. The kern
Question: (a) Define the term system software and application software, giving an example for each. (b) Draw a diagram to represent the abstract view of a computer system i
Q. Describe the purpose of the open() and close() operations. Answer: The open() operation notifies the system that the named file is about to become active. The c
What are the disadvantages of linked allocation? The drawbacks are a. Used only for sequential access of files. b. Direct access is not supported c. Memory space neede
Define the Main reason to encrypt a file Major reason to encrypt a file is secure it for transmission.
Q. Why page sizes always powers of 2? Answer: Recall that paging is executed by breaking up an address into a page and offset number. It is most competent to break the address
what is cpu
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