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Applications allocate memory in terms of the number of bytes that they need, but this level of granularity is too ?ne-grained for the operating system to manage the system memory in this way. Instead, the OS manages the memory in groups of bytes called pages. Pages are typically of 4kb or 8kb. Suppose we decide to use 4kb pages; in a 32-bit machine, it is possible to address at most 232 different addresses; if we divide that maximum amount of memory by the size of the page, we see that there can be at most 232 / 212 = 220 4kb pages.
Question: a) The following refers to optimization under Windows XP: i) Give five steps which could undertake to enhance overall system performance in a default Windows XP in
Explain Belady's Anomaly? Also called FIFO anomaly. Usually, on enhancing the number of frames allocated to a process virtual memory, the process implementation is faster, beca
Problem: a) Explain physically what occurs when a disk is fragmented. What is the purpose of "defragmenting" a disk? b) What is the idea behind backing up data on a secondar
What are a safe state and an unsafe state? Answer: A state is safe if the system can allocate resources to every process in some order and still avoid a deadlock. A system is
What is the MFD? UFD? How are they related? MFD is master-file directory, which points to the UFDs. UFD is user-file directory, which points to each of user's files.
Compare contiguous-memory allocation with pure paging in the following aspects: 1. In support of dynamic memory allocation: most systems allow programs to allocate more memory t
What is Belady's anomaly When plotting on a graph the page faults versus the number of available frames. We notice that the number of faults for four frames is greater than th
The term Operating System (OS) is often misused. It is common, for example, for people to speak of an OS when they are in fact referring to an OS and to a set of additional applica
Define which is not a key piece of information, stored in single page table entry, supposing pure paging and virtual memory A reference for the disk block which stores the pa
Write a short note on disk structure Modern disk drives are initiate as large one dimensional array of logical blocks where the logical block is the smallest unit of transfer.
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