Low levels of productivity:

In addition to low standards of living, developing countries are characterized by relatively low levels of labour productivity. Throughout the developing world, levels of labour productivity (output per worker) are extremely low compared with those in developed countries. In crop production, rural small-scale farmers form the majority of the producers. Their productivity level is low due to the use of rudimentary tools (such as hoes, cutlasses and sticks) and simple and outmoded technology.