Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Layers, Massages, Segments, Datagram's and Frames
Figure 2.15 show the physical path data takes down a sending end systems protocol stack up and down the protocol stacks of an intervening link layer switch and router and then up the protocol stack at the receiving end systems.
Host Routers and link layer switches each contains a different set of layer reflecting their differences in functionality
As show in figure2.15 link layer switches implement layers 1 and 2 routers implement layer 1 through 3. This means for example that internet routers are capable of implementing the IP protocol ( a layer 3 protocol) while link layer switch are not .
Host routers and link layer switches each contains a different set of layer reflecting their different in functionality.
Figure 2.15 also illustrates the important concept of encapsulation. At the sending host an application layer messages(M) is passed to the transport layer. In the simple case the transport layer takes the massage and appends additional information( so - called transport layer header information. H1) that will be used by the receiver side transport layer. The application layer message and the transport layer header information together constitute the transport layer segment. The transport layer segment thus encapsulates the application layer message. The added information might include information allowing the receiver side transport layer to deliver the message up to the appropriate application and error detection bits that allow the receiver to determine whether bits in the message have been changed in route. The transport layer then passes the segment to the network layer which adds networks layer header information(H n) such as source and destination end system address creating a network layer datagram. The datagram is then passed to the link layer. Which will add its own link layer header information and create link layer frame.
BRDGING BETWEEN BUILDINGS: If two buildings are placed far from each other, a bridge, a pair of fiber modems and an optical fiber may be used to locate two LANs as given in t
TOP Level Domain (TLD) Servers These servers are responsible for top level domains such as com org net edu, and going and all the country top level domains such a
Network Topologies Topology is study of the arrangement or mapping of the elements links nodes etc, of a network especially the physical and logical inter connections bet
Name the Twisted pairs cables Twisted pairs cables (Shielded and Unshielded), Coaxial cable and Fiber optic cable. ?Testing of the points ?Testing of the entire network t
(i) Suppose N stations are connected to an extended Ethernet LAN, as shown below shown in Figure operating at the rate of 10 Mbps. Assume that the efficiency of each Ethernet is 8
Networking Concepts Q1 What are the main features of TCP connections? Why is it said that TCP provides full-duplex service? Q2 What are the differences between TCP conne
what is logical ring maintenance and how does it work>?
Can you explain the Authentication Header (AH) Protocol?
What is the Network Time Protocol? A protocol that makes sures accurate local timekeeping with reference to radio and atomic clocks located on the Internet. This protocol is c
Briefly write functionalities of different OSI layers? The OSI Reference Model includes seven layers. Basic functionality of each of them is as follows: 1. Physical Layer:
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd