Jazz develops after the American Civil War. It is our first truly American form of music. Jazz is a conglomeration of different cultures, but most of it's traditions are borrowed from West African tribal music. Some of these traditions include improvisation, syncopated rhythms, modern instruments with an emphasis on percussion, and a particular African tradition called "call and response". (To find the definition of "call and response" and more discussion on Jazz, go to pages 117-8 in your text. Listen to and watch these two clips of Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington (or find two other clips on Armstrong and Ellington)