Is anti virus a system utility, Operating System

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Problem:

a) Explain physically what occurs when a disk is fragmented. What is the purpose of "defragmenting" a disk?

b) What is the idea behind backing up data on a secondary storage?

c) Among the different software, operating systems, applications, utilities and data, which one is the most valuable and therefore requires frequent back ups? Justify your answer.

d) Is Anti Virus a system utility? Why is the Anti Virus not embedded in the operating system when the latter is installed

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