Mechanical failure is one of the most important factors causing component/structure/product no longer fit for its intended purpose. Use examples to explain at least three modes of mechanical failure, and discuss major causes to each mode.

Modes of mechanical failure may include ductile, brittle, buckling, creep, fatigue, corrosion, impact, wear, thermal shock and degradation etc.

One of the most important materials in engineering is iron used as a base for many alloys. The most important alloys are iron and carbon steel, where the iron-carbon phase diagram describes the iron-carbon system of alloys containing up to 6.67% of carbon, discloses the phases compositions and their transformations occurring with the alloys during their cooling or heating.

In this task, describe the iron-carbon phase diagram for the percentage by weight of carbon up to 3%, where appropriate explanation and drawings shall be provided. Then classify the steels with carbon that fall between the extremes of pure iron and cast iron by showing their carbon content and typical applications.