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We will brie?y introduce paging to ?nish off this lecture. When a process is loaded, not all of the pages are immediately loaded, since it's possible that they will not all be needed, and memory is a scarce resource. The process' virtual memory address space is broken up into pages, and pages which are valid addresses are either loaded or not loaded. When the MMU encounters a virtual address which is valid but not loaded (or "resident") in memory, then the MMU issues a pagefault to the operating system. The OS will then load the page from disk into RAM, and then let the MMU continue with its address translation. Since access times for RAM are measured in nanoseconds, and access times for disks are measured in milliseconds, excessive pagefaults will clearly hurt performance a lot.
Q. In a disk jukebox what would be the result of having more open files than the number of drives in the jukebox? Answer: Two bad results could result. One likelihood is star
You are required to study the important system components, including important data structures, important functions and algorithms, and the various organizational, structural, logi
Q. Suppose that you want to utilize a paging algorithm that requires a reference bit (such as second-chance replacement or working-set model) however the hardware does not provide
Explain internal fragmentation The Internal fragmentation signifies to the result of reserving a piece of space without ever intending to use it. This space is wasted that this
Evicting the most-recently used (MRU) page does very well on LRU's worst case. In general, however, MRU is a bad idea, since many programs exhibit temporal locality in their memory
Q. Timers could be utilized to compute the current time. Provide a little description of how this could be accomplished. Answer: A program could utilize the following ap
Explain the ThreadSwitch function used in the netware Since NetWare 3 and 4 are nonpreemptive environments, it may be necessary for the application developer to explicitly reli
1. On every access, mark the page with a timestamp. Whenever we need to evict a page, we search through memory for the oldest page, the least-recently used page. But we need memory
what is difference between file descriptor and file pointer?
Program of Calculator and Controller with the fork, exec, and wait system calls The objective of this assignment is to get you to be comfortable with the fork(), exec(), and wai
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