Input output techniques - computer architecture, Computer Engineering

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Input Output Techniques:

o   Interrupt driven

o   Direct Memory Access (DMA)

o   Programmed

Programmed I/O

  •   CPU has control over I/O directly
  •   Read/write commands
  •   Sensing status
  •   Transferring data
  •   Wastes CPU time
  •   CPU waits for I/O module to finish operation
  •   I/O module performs operation
  •   I/O module sets status bits
  •   CPU requests I/O operation
  •   CPU checks status bits periodically
  •   I/O module doesn't inform CPU directly
  •   I/O module does not interrupt CPU
  •   Under programmed I/O data transfer is similar memory access (CPU viewpoint)
  •   Each device given unique identifier
  •   CPU may wait or come back later
  •   CPU commands have identifier (address)

I/O Mapping

  •   Large selection of the memory access commands available
  •   Memory mapped I/O

o   memory and Devices share an address space

o   I/O looks like memory read/write

o   No special commands for I/O

  •   Restricted set
  •   Isolated I/O

o   Separate address spaces

o   Need I/O or memory select lines

o   Special commands for I/O

 


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