Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
After going through details of device interfaces next point to be discussed is how the interface can be used to support I/O from devices. Binary information received from an external device is generally stored in memory for later processing. Information transferred from central computer in an external device initiates in memory unit. Data transfer between central computer and I/O devices can be handled in some modes. 3 techniques are possible for I/O operation. These are:
Figure below gives an general idea of these 3 techniques:
Figure: Overview of the three Input/ Output
In programmed I/O, I/O operations are fully controlled by processor. The processor executes a program which initiates, directs and terminate an I/O operation. It needs a little special I/O hardware however is quite time consuming for processor as processor has to wait for slower I/O operations to finish.
With interrupt driven I/O when interface decides that device is ready for data transfer it produces an interrupt request to the computer. Upon detecting external interrupt signal processor stops the task it was processing and branches to a service program to process I/O transfer and then returns to task it was initially performing that result in waiting time by the processor being reduced.
With both interrupt-driven and programmed I/O processor is responsible for extracting data from main memory for output and storing data in main memory during input. What about having a substitute where I/O device may directly store data or retrieve data from memory? This alternative is called direct memory access (DMA). In this mode I/O interface and main memory exchange data directly without involvement of processor.
Figure: Three techniques of I/O
Single Instruction and Multiple Data stream (SIMD) In this organisation, multiple processing elements are working under the control of a one control unit. It has multiple data
train booking algorithm for seat reservation
I have used the PIC18F452 microcontroller for both the main micro and the interface chip device because of it enhanced features that can be used to meet the specification required
Selection - artificial intelligence: However the first step is to choose the individuals that will have a shot at becoming the parents of the next generation. Hence this is kn
In AI the process of perception is studied as a set operations. A visual scene may be encoded by sensors and represented as matrix of intensity values. These are processed b
Find the conversion time of a Successive Approximation A/D converter which uses a 2 MHz clock and a 5-bit binary ladder containing 8V reference. What is the Conversion Rate? An
1. In an ASCII editor, make an empty text file with the extension .ord. 2. Save the file in the Dat folder of the project. 3. Click To o l s > G UI R e c o r d O p t i o n s
List the various file attributes. A file has certain other attributes, which differ from one operating system to another, but typically consist of these: Name, identifier, type
Q. Illustrate the working of FLIP-FLOPS? A flip-flop is a binary cell that stores 1-bit of information. It itself is a sequential circuit. We know that flip-flop can change its
Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.? Presentation Interface controls what is shown on the p.c
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd