Question:

a) Distinguish between the orthodox and the heterodox perspectives for implementing Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs).

b) Patenting has been subject to much controversy and resistance by developing countries. Discuss how patenting can undermine access to public health.

a) Describe, with examples, the different stages in the regional integration process.

b) "Nowadays much emphasis is being laid onto regionalization and bilateral agreements, despite the fact that countries are already connected under the multilateral trading system".

Determine the factors which drive countries towards regionalization and the effect that this may have on the multilateral trading system.