Illustrates about the term rectangular footings?

RECTANGULAR FOOTINGS:

The design of rectangular footings is similar to that of the square footings. The major difference is that each direction should be investigated independently. Shear is checked for two way actions in the normal manner; but one way action is checked across the shorter side only. Bending moments must be considered separately for each direction and each direction will have a different area of steel required. The reinforcing steel running in the  long direction should be placed below the short direction steel so that it may have the  larger effective depth to carry the larger bending moment in that direction.

Note that the distribution of reinforcement in the rectangular footings is different than that of square footings. The reinforcement in the large direction should uniformly be distributed over the shorter footing width. A part of the required reinforcement in the short direction is placed in a band equal to the short side of the footing. The portion of the total steel that should go into in this band is 2/(P +1) where, is the ratio of the long side of the  footing to the short side of the footing. The remainder of the reinforcement is uniformly distributed in the outer portions of the footing. The distribution is demonstrated in below:

RECTANGULAR FOOTINGS PLAN