Q. Illustrate what is moment of inertia?

Answer:-

Moment of inertia is the term utilized to measure or quantifies the amount of mass located at an object's extremities. For instance if all the mass of an object was located in a small compact size like a lead ball its moment of inertia would be small compared to the same amount of mass shaped into a dumbbell. For the reason that a dumbbell has most of its mass located farther from its center. However there is a qualification here. Moment of inertia is computed relative to a hypothetical spin axis. Once you choose the spin axis after that you calculate the moment of inertia by multiplying the mass times its distance to the spin axis squared I = MR^2 consequently in the example between the sphere and the dumbbell the moment of inertia of the dumbbell would be extensively larger relative to a spin axis perpendicular to the dumbbell length. If you in its place choose your spin axis to lie thru the dumbbell parallel to its length then its moment of inertia relative to this axis would be much smaller for the reason that the mass would be located closer to that axis. And actually it might even be smaller than the moment of inertia of a sphere about an axis thru its centre.