How tetrahedral complex splitting takes place?, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

The tetrahedral arrangement of four ligands surrounding the metal ion may be visualized. It is clear that in tetrahedral field, none of the orbitals point exactly towards the ligands and therefore, the splitting of energy will be less that in octahedral field. The tree d-orbitals dxyand dyz and dzx are pointing close to the direction in which the ligands are approaching while the two orbitals  244_Untitled.png  and  942_Untitled.png  are lying in between the ligands. Therefore, the energies of the three orbitals will be raised while the energies of the two orbitals will be lowered. Thus, in the presence of octahedral field, the degeneracy of five d-orbitals splitting as:
    
The two orbitals,  244_Untitled.png  and  942_Untitled.png  becomes stable and their energies are lowered. These are designated as 'e' orbitals.
    
The three orbitals, dxy, dyz and dzx become unstable and their energies are raised. These are designated as 't2' orbitals. 

The magnitude of crystal field splitting is the difference between e and t2 orbitals and is designated as Δt, (the subscript indicating tetrahedral complexes). It is also measured in terms of Dq and Δt, = 10 Dq. If we compare the magnitude of crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes (having same metal ion, ligands and metal ion-ligand distances), it has been observed that the crystal field splitting in octahedral complexes t) is considerably less than in octahedral complexes 0). It has been found to be Δt = 4/9 Δ0.

There are two main reasons for the smaller value of crystal field splitting in tetrahedral than in octahedral complexes.
    
In tetrahedral complexes there are four ligands while there are six ligands in octahedral complexes. Therefore, lesser ligands produce less crystal field splitting. The crystal field splitting in tetrahedral field is about two third of the octahedral field.
    
In tetrahedral field, none of the orbitals is pointing directly towards the ligands and, therefore, splitting is less.

Since the magnitude of crystal field splitting in tetrahedral field is quite small and is always less the pairing energy, therefore, the pairing of electrons will never be energetically favourable. Thus; all the tetrahedral complexes are high spin complexes. No tetrahedral complex with low spin has been found to exist. 

 

 

 


Related Discussions:- How tetrahedral complex splitting takes place?

Uses of urea or carbamide - carboxylic acids, Uses of Urea or Carbamide - C...

Uses of Urea or Carbamide - Carboxylic Acids (a) Urea is used mainly as a nitrogen fertilizer. It has 46.4% nitrogen. (b) Urea is used in the manufacture of formaldehyde-ure

Benzen reactions, kinds of reactions benzene undergoes and why

kinds of reactions benzene undergoes and why

How halides and sulphides form in organic chemistry?, Halides   Transi...

Halides   Transition metals react with halogens at high temperatures to form halides. These reactions have very high activation energies; therefore, high temperatures are requ

ELECTRO CHEMISTRY, WITH THE HELP OF A GRAPH, STATE THE DEVIATION OF MOLAR C...

WITH THE HELP OF A GRAPH, STATE THE DEVIATION OF MOLAR CONDUCTIVITY OF STRONG AGAINST WEEK ELECTROLYTE.

Coordination position isomerism, Coordination Position Isomerism: If in a ...

Coordination Position Isomerism: If in a multinuclear complex the distribution of ligands around the metal centres changes it will result in a different isomer. Such an isomerism

Effect of concentration, Q. Show the Effect of concentration on Chemical Eq...

Q. Show the Effect of concentration on Chemical Equilibrium? Ans. When more of one of the chemicals is added to the reaction, more collisions take place moving the reactio

Complexometric titration and reactions, i want some easy reactions of compl...

i want some easy reactions of complexometric titration for my assignment......

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd