How tetrahedral complex splitting takes place?, Chemistry

Assignment Help:

The tetrahedral arrangement of four ligands surrounding the metal ion may be visualized. It is clear that in tetrahedral field, none of the orbitals point exactly towards the ligands and therefore, the splitting of energy will be less that in octahedral field. The tree d-orbitals dxyand dyz and dzx are pointing close to the direction in which the ligands are approaching while the two orbitals  244_Untitled.png  and  942_Untitled.png  are lying in between the ligands. Therefore, the energies of the three orbitals will be raised while the energies of the two orbitals will be lowered. Thus, in the presence of octahedral field, the degeneracy of five d-orbitals splitting as:
    
The two orbitals,  244_Untitled.png  and  942_Untitled.png  becomes stable and their energies are lowered. These are designated as 'e' orbitals.
    
The three orbitals, dxy, dyz and dzx become unstable and their energies are raised. These are designated as 't2' orbitals. 

The magnitude of crystal field splitting is the difference between e and t2 orbitals and is designated as Δt, (the subscript indicating tetrahedral complexes). It is also measured in terms of Dq and Δt, = 10 Dq. If we compare the magnitude of crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral complexes (having same metal ion, ligands and metal ion-ligand distances), it has been observed that the crystal field splitting in octahedral complexes t) is considerably less than in octahedral complexes 0). It has been found to be Δt = 4/9 Δ0.

There are two main reasons for the smaller value of crystal field splitting in tetrahedral than in octahedral complexes.
    
In tetrahedral complexes there are four ligands while there are six ligands in octahedral complexes. Therefore, lesser ligands produce less crystal field splitting. The crystal field splitting in tetrahedral field is about two third of the octahedral field.
    
In tetrahedral field, none of the orbitals is pointing directly towards the ligands and, therefore, splitting is less.

Since the magnitude of crystal field splitting in tetrahedral field is quite small and is always less the pairing energy, therefore, the pairing of electrons will never be energetically favourable. Thus; all the tetrahedral complexes are high spin complexes. No tetrahedral complex with low spin has been found to exist. 

 

 

 


Related Discussions:- How tetrahedral complex splitting takes place?

Explain ligand field theory, Q. Explain Ligand field theory? The bond a...

Q. Explain Ligand field theory? The bond approach, though not as perfect, is more useful. Here we do all the calculations based on crystal field theory. The differences between

Rapid filter cleaning , 1. In water softening, which of the precipitates wi...

1. In water softening, which of the precipitates will settle out? 2. For particle sizes larger than 1μ in size 3. In non-ideal type II settling 4.The most usually used me

Ethanol used as an solvent in substitution reactions, why is ethanol used a...

why is ethanol used as an solvent in substitution reactions? ethanol is used as an solvent because it is soluble in water and also it is more reacive.... Ethanol is used u

Synthetic rubber, Short note on synthetic rubber. S ol. Synthetic rubbe...

Short note on synthetic rubber. S ol. Synthetic rubber: main types of synthetic rubbers: 1.                 Styrene rubber: Buna-S; Bu-Butadiene; Na=sodium; = Styrene

The maximum number of electrons, The maximum number of electrons that can b...

The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a 3d  subshell is: (1) 2        (2) 10       (3) 6       (4) 14 Ans: 10

Describing inorganic compounds, It is important to differentiate the stoich...

It is important to differentiate the stoichiometric or empirical formula of a molecular substance from its molecular formula. The former expresses only the relative numbers of atom

Value of x, x grams of calcium carbonate was completely burnt in air.the we...

x grams of calcium carbonate was completely burnt in air.the weight of solid residue formed is 28 g.what is the vlue of x in grams?

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd