How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

Explain about oxidation reduction potential, Q. Explain about Oxidation red...

Q. Explain about Oxidation reduction potential? The tendency of a substrate to accept or donate electrons is termed its redox potential (Eh). When a substrate loses electrons,

Why is the occurrence of eyelids in amphibians, Q. Why is the occurrence of...

Q. Why is the occurrence of eyelids in amphibians in comparison to their absence in fishes an adaptation to terrestrial life? Eyelids associated to lacrimal glands protect and

Explain the modern trends in animal taxonomy, Explain the Modern Trends in ...

Explain the Modern Trends in Animal Taxonomy? Earlier you learnt how taxonomy is interrelated to other biological fields. You also learnt how information is used from other f

Side efleects of antipsychotic drugs, Side Efleects of Antipsychotic Drugs:...

Side Efleects of Antipsychotic Drugs: The most common side effects are symptoms of central nervous system i.e. Extrapyramidal  Symptoms (EPS)  including such as:  Parkinso

Lithosphere, The lithosphere contains all of the hard solid land of the ear...

The lithosphere contains all of the hard solid land of the earth crust and the semisolid land underneath the crust. The surface of the lithosphere is very uneven contains high moun

Discontinuous variation in human populations, Give two examples in each cas...

Give two examples in each case of (a) continuous, (b) discontinuous variation in human populations.    a) Continuous variation: for example, weight, height, intelligence, ha

Explain in brief about baby blues, Regarding the article "Baby Blues" which...

Regarding the article "Baby Blues" which of the following is a false statement? A. Children, whose mothers underwent severe stressful episodes during pregnancy, have higher tha

Types of leukemia, Types of Leukemia Leukaemia may be chronic  or acut...

Types of Leukemia Leukaemia may be chronic  or acute and is classified  into  the  following  categories:  i)  Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia (ALL) This is  the most comm

Define vitamins b12 deficiency in vegans, Define Vitamins B 12 Deficiency ...

Define Vitamins B 12 Deficiency in Vegans? Because plants do not synthesize vitamin B 12 , individuals who consume diets completely free of animal products (vegan diets) are a

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd