How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

What is increase in the second messenger, When glucagon binds its receptor ...

When glucagon binds its receptor there is an increase in the second messenger, cAMP. cAMP levels can be decrease by which of the following enzymes? -adenylate cyclase -PDK1

Water of estuaries, Water of Estuaries The water of estuaries is turbi...

Water of Estuaries The water of estuaries is turbid because of the great number of particulates in suspension in the water. The turbidity is minimum near the mouth and increas

Cobalt (co) - micronutrients, Cobalt (Co) - Micronutrients The Co conc...

Cobalt (Co) - Micronutrients The Co concentration in the dry matter of plants grown in soil normally lies around 0.02 to 0.5 ppm. In soils the content varies from 1 to 40 ppm.

Conduct of perfusion-cardio pulmonary bypass, Conduct of Perfusion :  At t...

Conduct of Perfusion :  At the beginning of the bypass, the pump output is usually kept at 2.4 litres per meter per minute. On coming off bypass, the flow is gradually reduced til

Megasporogenesis, Megasporogenesis One of the nucellar cells situ...

Megasporogenesis One of the nucellar cells situated subjacent to the epidermis differentiates into the primary archesporial cell. This cell is larger than the adjacent ce

Define three major steps for study of genetic family tree, What are the thr...

What are the three major steps for a good study of a genetic family tree? Step 1: Determine whether the studied phenotypical form has a dominant or the recessive pattern. Step

Determine the cylindrical body of nematodes brought, Compared to platyhelmi...

Compared to platyhelminthes which physiological problem have the cylindrical body of nematodes brought? How was that problem solved? The cylindrical shape of nematodes made imp

Which are plant tissues that form the plant roots, Which are plant tissues ...

Which are plant tissues that form the plant roots? Roots have a central portion called medulla made of vascular tissue outer phloem and inner xylem. Medulla is delimited by per

How are sponges characterized, Q Sponge identity card. How are sponges char...

Q Sponge identity card. How are sponges characterized according to example of representing beings, basic morphology, type of symmetry, embryonic (germ) layers and coelom, digestive

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd