How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

Definition of epileptic seizures, Definition of Epileptic seizures Epil...

Definition of Epileptic seizures Epileptic seizures are classified as symptomatic seizures if they can be identified with a specific cause, such as infection, trauma, tumor, va

Explain potassium, Explain Potassium Potassium (K): Potassium restri...

Explain Potassium Potassium (K): Potassium restricted diets are important for patients with  advanced renal  failure undergoing  conservative  treatment or haemodialysis. Th

Others factors affecting occupational health, Others Factors Affecting Occu...

Others Factors Affecting Occupational Health The list of factors which affect the occupational health and that need standard organising, scrutiny, inspection, surveillance and

Define activation of the antagonist during movement, Explain the relationsh...

Explain the relationship between an agonist muscle and its antagonist as it relates to positional control, functional movement and neuromuscular activation. For example, how the tw

Role of cell death, Role of cell death As development of the limb proc...

Role of cell death As development of the limb proceeds waves of death or necrosis of large masses of mesodermal cells occur in certain regions at different stages. This has be

Explain the executive functions - psychological tests, Explain the Executiv...

Explain the Executive Functions - Psychological tests Executive functions are those involved in the planning, organisation, regulation and monitoring of goal directed behaviour

Define types of root canal perforations according to causes, Define Types o...

Define Types of Root Canal Perforations According To Causes Iatrogenic causes. Pathological causes.

What are the kinds of reproduction that occur in fungi, Q What are the kind...

Q What are the kinds of reproduction that occur in fungi? In fungi there is sexual and asexual reproduction. Fungi reproduce asexually by fragmentation, sporulation and gemmati

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd