How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

Adrenal medulla, ADRENA L MEDULLA The adrenal medulla develops from th...

ADRENA L MEDULLA The adrenal medulla develops from the neuroectoderm of the embryo. Medulla consists of chromaffin cells or phaeochromocytes. These cells are connected wi

Mechanism of gastrulation, MECHANISM OF GASTRULATION - It is most im...

MECHANISM OF GASTRULATION - It is most impotant stage of embryonal development, in which single layered blastula converts into 2 or 3 layered gastrula. During this stage,

Light scattering, how does measurement of light scattering allows the growt...

how does measurement of light scattering allows the growth of cells to be monitored.

Self-pollination - types of pollination, Self-Pollination - Types of Pollin...

Self-Pollination - Types of Pollination Self-pollination refers to the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. In chasmogamous flowers the

Classify bones structurally and embryologically, Classify bones structurall...

Classify bones structurally and embryologically(developmentally). Structural classification of bone: Macroscopically can be classified into two types, compact and trabecul

Brasseler endo extractor tube-endodontics principles, Brasseler Endo Extrac...

Brasseler Endo Extractor tube Insert H file buccally and lingually and remove silver by friction.If I can't remove use solvent to desolve cement If the tip of silver not appear

Define body building functions of proteins, Define Body Building functions ...

Define Body Building functions of proteins? The primary functions of proteins, as you might be aware, is tissue growth and maintenance. Protein contains amino acids - the build

Reproductive systems, compare the lengths and paths of the uterine tubes (o...

compare the lengths and paths of the uterine tubes (oviducts) of the cat and the human

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd