How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

Epidermis of birds - reptiles and mammals, Q. Which are the glands present ...

Q. Which are the glands present in the epidermis of birds, reptiles and mammals? In the epidermis of reptiles and birds there are practically no glands. In mammals there are se

Define the management of epileptic patients, Define the Management of Epile...

Define the Management of Epileptic Patients? The primary treatment of epilepsy is anticonvulsant drugs. The focus of nutritional management is a diet, which is appropriate for

Tetrasaccharides, TETRASACCHARIDES The oligosaccharides are formed b...

TETRASACCHARIDES The oligosaccharides are formed by condensation of four monosaccharides. T rachyos e is a nonreducing tetrasaccharide found in plants as transport ca

Cell theory, Cell theory is one of the four (or five) unifying concepts in...

Cell theory is one of the four (or five) unifying concepts in the biology. The cell theory states that all the living things are composed of at least one cell and that cell is the

Explain functional property of gelation/viscosity, Explain Functional prope...

Explain Functional property of Gelation/Viscosity  Mode of action  Protein-protein interactions produce matrix formations and setting Food system Salad dressings,

What are the properties of titanium, What are the Properties of titanium ...

What are the Properties of titanium Titanium has several favourable properties like low specific gravity with a density of 4.5 gm/cm 3 , high heat resistance and high strength

Phylum, Are protozoan''s diploblastic or triploblastic

Are protozoan''s diploblastic or triploblastic

Chromosomes in a cell, Two chromosomes in a cell have identical length and ...

Two chromosomes in a cell have identical length and centromere position yet are not homologous, what is different about them

Head - structure of the sperm, Head - Structure of the Sperm It exhib...

Head - Structure of the Sperm It exhibits a diversity of shapes in different animal groups, e.g., spherical (teleost fishes), rod or lance shaped (amphibians), spirally twist

Define polysaccharides (dp: > 9) - carbohydrates, Define Polysaccharides (D...

Define Polysaccharides (DP: > 9) - carbohydrates? Polysaccharides are high molecular weight polymers of monosaccharide units formed by glycosidic bonding. They may be long unbr

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd