How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

Explain briefly nucleic acids dna and rna, Explain briefly Nucleic Acids (D...

Explain briefly Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)? Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) :  Nucleic acids are the molecules that contain genetic information that is inherited, and are responsibl

Describe the two kind of fermentation, Q. What are the two kind of fermenta...

Q. What are the two kind of fermentation? What are their complete chemical equations? The two major types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic fermentation.

Dietary management of oesophagitis, Q. Dietary Management fo oesophagitis? ...

Q. Dietary Management fo oesophagitis? Providing adequate nutrition support may require emphasis of different aspects during acute and chronic oesophagitis. In acute phase,

Which cardiac muscle is microscopically, State two ways in which cardiac mu...

State two ways in which cardiac muscle is microscopically similar to skeleton muscle.

Fluid management in diarrhoea, Q. Fluid management in Diarrhoea? Fluid ...

Q. Fluid management in Diarrhoea? Fluid management: The key to diarrhoea management is the early replacement of fluid lost in the stools through intravenous or oral route. Whil

Plants and animals - biological weathering, Plants and animals The acti...

Plants and animals The activity of living organisms like lichens, fungi, bacteria, blue green algae, bryophytes is also responsible for weathering.  It is referred to as biolog

Define thin layer chromatography, Define Thin Layer Chromatography? Thi...

Define Thin Layer Chromatography? This is an improvement over paper chromatography and uses thin layers of slurried absorbents like silica gel, alumina, cellulose, Kieselguhr,

How do the golgi apparatus act, Q. How do the Golgi apparatus act and the r...

Q. How do the Golgi apparatus act and the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the production and releasing of proteins? The rough endoplasmic reticulum has in its outer membrane man

Develop questions which will facilitate effective research, Theories are im...

Theories are import because they can be used to a. Test research hypothesis b. Develop questions which will facilitate more effective research c. Conduct more meaningful and useful

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd