How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

Etiology of diarrhoea, Etiology   The causes of diarrhoea can be classi...

Etiology   The causes of diarrhoea can be classified as follows:  i)  Infectious causes   Viral  : Rota virus, Norwalk and allied viruses, Enterovirus, Influenza virus,

Bacteriophage, Bacteriophage is a virus which infects a bacterium and whic...

Bacteriophage is a virus which infects a bacterium and which is many times used in molecular genetics experiments as the vector, or cloning vehicle. Recombinant phages can be made

Differential reinforcement of low response rate, Differential reinforcement...

Differential reinforcement of low response rate (DRL) This is used to encourage low rates of responding. Example: "If you ask me for a potato chip no more than once every 10 mi

Selection of foods for diabetic patients, Q. Selection of foods for diabeti...

Q. Selection of foods for diabetic patients? Some handy guidelines for selection of foods for diabetic patients is presented next. You may be aware that some foods need to be

Determine the cardio-vascular system, Determine the Cardio-vascular System ...

Determine the Cardio-vascular System Cardio-vascular system consists of a heart and blood vessels. The function of cardio- vascular system is to maintain blood supply to all t

How can you get a replacement, The book that I rented is missing some pages...

The book that I rented is missing some pages. How can i get a replacement?

Define regulation of amino acid levels in the blood, Define Regulation of a...

Define Regulation of amino acid levels in the blood? Regulation of amino acid levels in the blood: Vitamin D helps to prevent loss  of amino acids through the kidney and thus

Define regulation and excretion of sodium and chloride, Define Regulation a...

Define Regulation and Excretion of sodium and chloride? Renal excretion and retention of these elements is closely regulated. The total content of body sodium especially the co

#fbiodiversitytitle.., Alimitation of five kingdom classification sk questi...

Alimitation of five kingdom classification sk question #Minimum 100 words accepted#

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd