How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria, Biology

Assignment Help:

How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria capable of producing human insulin?

In a production of human insulin by bacteria the human insulin gene is incorporated into the genetic material of these microorganisms. A Mutant bacterium multiplies forming lineages of insulin-producing bacteria.

In the bacteria there are circular strands of DNA called plasmids, minichromosomes which act as an accessory to the major DNA. To create the mutant bacteria capable of producing insulin a plasmid is submitted to the action of restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) specialized in cutting DNA fragments. Once a circular plasmid is open by the restriction enzyme. The similar enzyme is used to cut a human DNA molecule containing the insulin gene and the piece of human DNA containing the insulin gene then has its extremities bound to the plasmid with the help of DNA ligases and the recombinant plasmid containing the human insulin gene is then inserted into the bacteria.

A further human hormone already produced by recombinant bacteria is GH (growth hormone or somatotropin).

The insertion of the DNA molecules into cells of an individual is also the method of the gene therapy, a promising treatment for genetic diseases. In the gene therapy cells from an organism deficient in the production of a given protein receive (by means of vectors, for example virus) pieces of DNA containing the protein gene and they then begin to synthesize the protein.

 


Related Discussions:- How is genetic engineering used to create bacteria

Which organ releases the female gamete under formation, Q. What is the orga...

Q. What is the organ that releases the female gamete under formation? How is this release triggered? What is the organ that collects the released gametes? The organ that libera

Soil temperature, Soil Temperature Soil temperature is known to influe...

Soil Temperature Soil temperature is known to influence water absorption and ultimately transpiration to a considerable extent. In many plants water absorption is reduced shar

Oogenesis., write breif notes on oogenesis

write breif notes on oogenesis

What are the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus, Q. What are the mal...

Q. What are the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus? The female pronucleus is the proper haploid nucleus of the egg cell and Male pronucleus is the haploid nucleus of the

Why there is more species biodiversity in tropical latitudes, a) Giving two...

a) Giving two reasons define why there is more species biodiversity in tropical latitudes than in temperate ones. b) Name an upload drug and its source plant. How does the dr

How arab influence on the development of anatomy, Please on 3 separate para...

Please on 3 separate paragraph a. Examine the contributions of select scientists from the Greek and Roman period. b. Explore the Arab influence on the development of anatomy

Genetics, What is the term for the pattern of base pairing between one DNA ...

What is the term for the pattern of base pairing between one DNA strand and its partner in a duplex?

What are the main gas exchange organs of the plants, What are the main gas ...

What are the main gas exchange organs of the plants? How is the process accomplished? In the covering of the leaves and of the primary structure of the stem gas exchange is mad

Are the xylem and the phloem made of living cells, Are the xylem and the ph...

Are the xylem and the phloem made of living cells? The cells that constitute the xylem ducts are dead cells killed by lignin deposition. The cells of the phloem are living

Two-kingdom classification, Two-Kingdom Classification The history of ...

Two-Kingdom Classification The history of taxonomy is as old as man himself. It may be traced back to prehistoric times because man had learnt to designate living organisms by

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd