In the nineteenth century, historian Francis Parkman asserted that "Spanish civilization crushed the Indian, French civilization embraced and cherished him, [while] English civilization scorned and neglected him." Do you agree with these characterizations? How might you append, amend, and/or entirely upend them? Can you offer a better typology of the intercultural relations between the three major European competitors and the various Indian peoples with whom they cohabited in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?