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Gene targeting in ES cells: In some of the livestock species pro-nuclear injection cannot be used to modify the animals' own genes due to various reasons especially non availability of large number of fertilized eggs and translucent zona. By contrast, the use of embryonic stem (ES) cells in the mouse has enabled us successfully in developing target specific modifications. When these cells with modified DNA are inserted into the early embryo, may contribute to the germline. They undergo a homologous recombination with transferred DNA of interest resulting in to precise and targeted changes in host genome. It is because of combination of these two properties, gene targeting including knockout of some undesired genes in mouse germline is a routine procedure. Despite extensive efforts globally, stable ES cells have not been isolated from livestock and this has constrained many potential applications for germline manipulation. Therefore, it was with some excitement that researchers in the field greeted the news that cloning by nuclear transfer (NT) from cells grown in culture had been achieved as it pointed the way to the development of an alternative, cell-based, system for genetic modification.
Define Precautions for Simple Staining of Bacterial Cultures? 1. Heat fix all the bacterial smears. 2. Use clean, grease free glass slides. 3. Wash the stained slide gent
Polyphyletic Theory - Metazoa This theory was suggested by Greenheig (1959) and some other workers. According to this theory, sponges, coelenterates, ctenophores and flatworms
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Renal insufficiency Antimicrobial drugs excreted through the urinary tract may be toxic for patients with renal insufficiency if they are given in usual therapeutic doses, bec
Explain in detail about Male Reproductive System The male reproductive organ consists of the following: A pair of testes, held in scortum; produces spermatooa and testoster
Manifestations of Hypertension • Renal Failure • Left Ventricular Failure • Myocardial Infarction • Cerebral Haemorrhage
Q. Identification and Care of Taxonomic collections? Collection of plant specimens is essential for taxconomic research. Herbarium specimens become a permanent record. Select t
Explain Defensive Proteins These proteins protect against diseases. Antibodies are the example of defensive proteins. These combat bacteria and viruses. Also, immunoglobulins,
Q. How do calcium ions participate in muscle contraction? Why do both muscle relaxation and muscle contraction spend energy? In the muscle cells calcium ions are stored within
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