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The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), the allocator will return a pointer (or reference) to a piece of memory of the appropriate size. When the program is done with the memory, the memory should be released back to the allocator. Languages such as C and C++ leave this job to the programmer to perform manually, for example by using free(). On the other hand, languages such as Java, python, etc automatically manage dynamically-allocated memory, which makes the programmer's life easier, and can eliminate entire classes of memory management bugs.
Although using free() and delete is relatively simple, it can be tricky to get them right. A signi?cant fraction of bugs in C and C++ programs are related to manual memory management. If we forget to free objects, we end up with memory leaks; if we free memory too soon, we end up with "dangling pointers"; also, we can try to do weird things, like performing double frees, etc. Therefore, a process that manages memory automatically is clearly useful. The most important concept for correctly implementing a garbage collector is that of live objects: a live object is any object that can still be reached through one (or more) pointers.
Consider a scenario of post mailbox, there are two processes named sender S and receiver R. Both processes can communicate with each other by name along with message. You need to I
Q. Is disk scheduling except FCFS scheduling useful in a single-user environment? describe your answer. Answer: In a single-user environment the I/O queue typically is empty.
Show the search tree generated by Hill-Climbing search (text figure 4.2, page 122; or Local Search lecture, slide 6) for each of the two heuristics (a) and (b) applied to the follo
explain how indefinite blocking or starvation occurs..
Concept of Reentrancy It is a useful, memory-saving method for multiprogrammed timesharing machines. A Reentrant method is one in which multiple clients can share a singl
The question of fairness, regarding page eviction, is a hard one. How do we decide what is fair? Many operating systems use global LRU, where pages from all processes are managed t
DIFFERENT MULTITHREADING MODELS Multithreading Models the majority multithreading models fall into one of the following categories of threading implementation: 1. M
The Most comman difference are given below System calls are heavy. While a procedure call can generally be performed in a few system instructions, a system call needs the c
What is a path name? A pathname is the path from the root by all subdirectories to a specified file. In a two-level directory structure a user name and a file name explain a pa
Sir i want formulas in Memory management starting from paging till the demang paging in a easy manner for solving problems in competitive exams
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