Functions and stack frame, C/C++ Programming

Assignment Help:

Each function has its own stack frame between %fp and %sp. Let Caller calls Callee. Then Caller's %sp becomes callee's %fp, and callee's %sp set to be a new value (a smaller one because stack grows from large address to small address). You can think that Callee's stack frame is on top of Caller's stack frame.

In Caller: put arguments in %o0 to %o5 registers or if number of arguments more than 6, prepare values in call linkage of the current stack frame. Then "call" address_of_callee; %o7 stored the returned address. (This %o7 will becomes %i7 in callee after the callee executes save instruction.)

In Callee: it executes "save" instruction:

  • 0. Caller's %i (input registers) and %l (local registers) are reserved in its own stack frame. They are put in the top portion of the caller's stack frame. Implication: the return address of Caller (NOT CALLEE), %i7, is stored there.
  • 1. set callee's %i (input registers) by callers %o (output registers). The implication: pass parameters and return address now is in %i7. And now callee's fp (%i6) <-- caller's sp (%o6).
  • 2. Allocate space for new frame pointers. Caller's sp (%o6) is now set to be the new value.

So at this point in callee, %i6 (%fp was caller's %o6) is set, and %o6 (%sp is set to be a new value). Question: where is the old %fp? It is stored somewhere in the top portion of the previous stack frame (see step 0.) The return address of Callee is stored in %i7. Is it possible to write a program to overflow this %i7? What return address that you really can overflow? Question: how to access that return address.

The "restore" instruction is the inverse function of save. Then the "ret" instruction should branch to %i7+8. The normal address should be %i7+4 as the next instruction address after call. The extra 4 is because sparc has a "branch delay" instruction that is executed BEFORE the call is made even it is put just after CALL. Is it strange. Not really. This is because modern CPU is a pipeline machine. It loads instruction every clock cycle, and branch (or jump or call) somewhat cannot be really done until the later stage the pipeline. And then it is already too late because the one JUST after this branch has already been executed. If you want to know more, you should take a look at computer architecture textbook which I think every graduate should know.

You should be very clear what return address in server.c is overflowed? Is it the return address of main() or the return address of copy()?


Related Discussions:- Functions and stack frame

Age guessing game, Write a program that predicts users’ age (0-128 years ol...

Write a program that predicts users’ age (0-128 years old) with at most 7 questions. The game starts with asking the user whether he/she is younger or older than G (an initial gues

Program, write a class player that contains attributes for player name,avg ...

write a class player that contains attributes for player name,avg and team.write three functions to input,change and display these attributes.also write a constructor that asks for

, print this pattern 1 01 101 010

print this pattern 1 01 101 0101

Program for swapping the two integers, Program for Swapping the Two Integer...

Program for Swapping the Two Integers                 For example, Swapping the two value                                 int x=4,y=6,t;                                 t

Luminous jewel polishing neckiace, Byteland county is very famous for lumin...

Byteland county is very famous for luminous jewels. Luminous jewels are used in making beautiful necklaces. A necklace consists of various luminous jewels of particular colour. Nec

Lexicographic permutation, Ask questioGiven an integer n and a permutation ...

Ask questioGiven an integer n and a permutation of numbers 1, 2 ... , n-1, n write a program to print the permutation that lexicographically precedes the given input permutation. I

Write a program that allows two players to play connect four, You may work ...

You may work in pairs for this assignment. Submit only one project per team; both partners will receive the same grade. Also, you can earn up to 40 points (out of 25) on this assig

Random searching, write aprogram for random -search to implement if a[i]=x;...

write aprogram for random -search to implement if a[i]=x;then terminate other wise continue the search by picking new randon inex into a

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd