Functions and stack frame, C/C++ Programming

Assignment Help:

Each function has its own stack frame between %fp and %sp. Let Caller calls Callee. Then Caller's %sp becomes callee's %fp, and callee's %sp set to be a new value (a smaller one because stack grows from large address to small address). You can think that Callee's stack frame is on top of Caller's stack frame.

In Caller: put arguments in %o0 to %o5 registers or if number of arguments more than 6, prepare values in call linkage of the current stack frame. Then "call" address_of_callee; %o7 stored the returned address. (This %o7 will becomes %i7 in callee after the callee executes save instruction.)

In Callee: it executes "save" instruction:

  • 0. Caller's %i (input registers) and %l (local registers) are reserved in its own stack frame. They are put in the top portion of the caller's stack frame. Implication: the return address of Caller (NOT CALLEE), %i7, is stored there.
  • 1. set callee's %i (input registers) by callers %o (output registers). The implication: pass parameters and return address now is in %i7. And now callee's fp (%i6) <-- caller's sp (%o6).
  • 2. Allocate space for new frame pointers. Caller's sp (%o6) is now set to be the new value.

So at this point in callee, %i6 (%fp was caller's %o6) is set, and %o6 (%sp is set to be a new value). Question: where is the old %fp? It is stored somewhere in the top portion of the previous stack frame (see step 0.) The return address of Callee is stored in %i7. Is it possible to write a program to overflow this %i7? What return address that you really can overflow? Question: how to access that return address.

The "restore" instruction is the inverse function of save. Then the "ret" instruction should branch to %i7+8. The normal address should be %i7+4 as the next instruction address after call. The extra 4 is because sparc has a "branch delay" instruction that is executed BEFORE the call is made even it is put just after CALL. Is it strange. Not really. This is because modern CPU is a pipeline machine. It loads instruction every clock cycle, and branch (or jump or call) somewhat cannot be really done until the later stage the pipeline. And then it is already too late because the one JUST after this branch has already been executed. If you want to know more, you should take a look at computer architecture textbook which I think every graduate should know.

You should be very clear what return address in server.c is overflowed? Is it the return address of main() or the return address of copy()?


Related Discussions:- Functions and stack frame

Cloud computing, hi Bhasker, as we spoke tru phone ,we need a project usin...

hi Bhasker, as we spoke tru phone ,we need a project using cloud computing .we need to present a protoype or demo on it (any thing using cloud should be fine)(ex: P2p)

ALGORITHM, write a pseudocode algorithm for a program that accepts a number...

write a pseudocode algorithm for a program that accepts a number and prints out its reciprocal(1/n) is required.the program should prevent the user from entering zero by asking t

Write a c program as text layout, Your task in this project is to write a C...

Your task in this project is to write a C program named layout.c which does text layout. This is a staged project, complete the stages in order. The maximum mark if you nish each

C++ code, write c++ programm calculate electricity bill with person name,us...

write c++ programm calculate electricity bill with person name,use ,id

Computes the ackermann-peter a m-n function, (a) Write a procedure that com...

(a) Write a procedure that computes the Ackermann-Peter a(m,n) function. (b) Write a helper procedure that only allows the calculation of the Ackermann-Peter function for 0≤m

Array, Write a program to count the prime number in array

Write a program to count the prime number in array

Matrix transposition cipher, write a C rpogram that can display the transpo...

write a C rpogram that can display the transpose form of a ciphertext matrix.Prompt users to provide row and coloumn number of matrix.Then user will input plaintext and the program

Write a c++ program that calculates the area of a circle, Write a C++ progr...

Write a C++ program that calculates the area of a circle, rectangle and square using overloaded versions of a function area ().Your program should include both declarations and def

Explain about the unions, Explain what are Unions? The Unions like as s...

Explain what are Unions? The Unions like as structures, contain members whose individual data types may perhaps differ from one another. Though the members that create a union

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd