Functions and stack frame, C/C++ Programming

Assignment Help:

Each function has its own stack frame between %fp and %sp. Let Caller calls Callee. Then Caller's %sp becomes callee's %fp, and callee's %sp set to be a new value (a smaller one because stack grows from large address to small address). You can think that Callee's stack frame is on top of Caller's stack frame.

In Caller: put arguments in %o0 to %o5 registers or if number of arguments more than 6, prepare values in call linkage of the current stack frame. Then "call" address_of_callee; %o7 stored the returned address. (This %o7 will becomes %i7 in callee after the callee executes save instruction.)

In Callee: it executes "save" instruction:

  • 0. Caller's %i (input registers) and %l (local registers) are reserved in its own stack frame. They are put in the top portion of the caller's stack frame. Implication: the return address of Caller (NOT CALLEE), %i7, is stored there.
  • 1. set callee's %i (input registers) by callers %o (output registers). The implication: pass parameters and return address now is in %i7. And now callee's fp (%i6) <-- caller's sp (%o6).
  • 2. Allocate space for new frame pointers. Caller's sp (%o6) is now set to be the new value.

So at this point in callee, %i6 (%fp was caller's %o6) is set, and %o6 (%sp is set to be a new value). Question: where is the old %fp? It is stored somewhere in the top portion of the previous stack frame (see step 0.) The return address of Callee is stored in %i7. Is it possible to write a program to overflow this %i7? What return address that you really can overflow? Question: how to access that return address.

The "restore" instruction is the inverse function of save. Then the "ret" instruction should branch to %i7+8. The normal address should be %i7+4 as the next instruction address after call. The extra 4 is because sparc has a "branch delay" instruction that is executed BEFORE the call is made even it is put just after CALL. Is it strange. Not really. This is because modern CPU is a pipeline machine. It loads instruction every clock cycle, and branch (or jump or call) somewhat cannot be really done until the later stage the pipeline. And then it is already too late because the one JUST after this branch has already been executed. If you want to know more, you should take a look at computer architecture textbook which I think every graduate should know.

You should be very clear what return address in server.c is overflowed? Is it the return address of main() or the return address of copy()?


Related Discussions:- Functions and stack frame

Pseudocode , Record separation problem Let us assume that a particular data...

Record separation problem Let us assume that a particular database program manages a simple mailing list which consists of one record for each person on the list, and a number of f

Prepare an application in c# or c++, Prepare an Application in C# or C++ ...

Prepare an Application in C# or C++ Project Description: We are seeking someone who can write a program in C# or C++. The idea is to prepare the program using a Cross Plat

Super ascii string cost, want the codings for these topic in ur experts min...

want the codings for these topic in ur experts minds.com

C program for count sorted characters, # include stdio.h> # include coni...

# include stdio.h> # include conio.h> # include string.h> void main()   {           int i=0,j=0;           char a[100],temp;           clrscr();

Hwid spoofer for windows 7, HWID Spoofer for Windows 7, 8 x64 Project De...

HWID Spoofer for Windows 7, 8 x64 Project Description: I want a simple program that will spoof my hardware id. I should be able to prepare the id to spoof to in the program a

Recursion, Solve the Nine Queens problem recursively. The objective is to p...

Solve the Nine Queens problem recursively. The objective is to place nine queens on an empty chessboard so that no queen is “attacking” any other, i.e., no two queens are in the sa

Introduction to c, All languages are divided into six sections: - variables...

All languages are divided into six sections: - variables, I/O maths, conditional expressions, arrays, functions, subroutines and file handlers. Learning a software language is simi

Stack operations - c++, Stack operations - C++: Write a program to def...

Stack operations - C++: Write a program to define basic stack operations in c++. int Stack::push(int elem) {    int m = getmax();    if (top    {       put_

Logic families and lsi devices, We have used logic symbols in the past, but...

We have used logic symbols in the past, but not really though about the actual real devices. Semiconductor companies have taken the logic symbols are manufactured them into logic f

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd