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FDs in Relationships:
Enrols Relationship: None as it is many to many
Teaches Relationship: Course code → Instructor
Instructor → Course code
The next question is: How do we recognize the functional dependence in a database model?
Functional dependencies occur from the nature of the actual world that the database models. Often A and B are facts about an entity where A may be some identifier for the entity and B some characteristic. Functional dependencies cannot be automatically determined by studying one or more cases of a database. They can be determined only by a careful study of the actual world and a clear understanding of what every attribute means.
There are no thumb rules for determining FDs.
Functional dependence is an vital concept and a large body of formal theory has been developed about it.
What is a recovery scheme? An integral part of a database system is a recovery scheme that can restore the database to the reliable state that existed before the failure.
Data slice explanation
Explain how the associations are implemented as classes. A general approach in this case is to transform an association class into a simple class linked to two original classes
What is a primary index? A primary index is an index whose search key also explains the sequential order of the file.
List the data structures implemented by the storage manager. The storage manager executes the following data structure a) Data files b) Data dictionary c) indices
What is the full form of DDL? DDL is stand for Data Definition Language.
Discuss how the bi-directional Implementations are made. In bi-directional implementation of the association, a pair of references must implement every link. The declarations a
What is meant by object identifiers? Object-oriented systems use an object identifier to recognize objects. Object identifiers are unique: that is every object has a single ide
how to write a in a text and load it on mysql
Using Literal Character String Example: To print IS A as one string with column name employee SELECT ENAME || ' IS A ' || JOB AS "EMPLOYEE" FROM EMP;
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